Structure of 1929-29-9
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Surveying the scope of aromatic decarboxylations catalyzed by prenylated-flavin dependent enzymes
Anushree Mondal ; Pronay Roy ; Jaclyn Carrannatto ; Prathamesh M. Datar ; Daniel J. DiRocco ; Katherine Huntera and E. Neil G. Marsh
Abstract: The prenylated-flavin mononucleotide-dependent decarboxylases (also known as UbiD-like enzymes) are the most recently discovered family of decarboxylases. The modified flavin facilitates the decarboxylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids through a novel mechanism involving 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition chemistry. UbiD-like enzymes have attracted considerable interest for biocatalysis applications due to their ability to catalyse (de)carboxylation reactions on a broad range of aromatic substrates at otherwise unreactive carbon centres. There are now ∼35[thin space (1/6-em)]000 protein sequences annotated as hypothetical UbiD-like enzymes. Sequence similarity network analyses of the UbiD protein family suggests that there are likely dozens of distinct decarboxylase enzymes represented within this family. Furthermore, many of the enzymes so far characterized can decarboxylate a broad range of substrates. Here we describe a strategy to identify potential substrates of UbiD-like enzymes based on detecting enzyme-catalysed solvent deuterium exchange into potential substrates. Using ferulic acid decarboxylase (FDC) as a model system, we tested a diverse range of aromatic and heterocyclic molecules for their ability to undergo enzyme-catalysed H/D exchange in deuterated buffer. We found that FDC catalyses H/D exchange, albeit at generally very low levels, into a wide range of small, aromatic molecules that have little resemblance to its physiological substrate. In contrast, the sub-set of aromatic carboxylic acids that are substrates for FDC-catalysed decarboxylation is much smaller. We discuss the implications of these findings for screening uncharacterized UbiD-like enzymes for novel (de)carboxylase activity.
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Purchased from AmBeed: 27916-43-4 ; 2438-05-3 ; 501-89-3 ; 42287-94-5 ; 776-79-4 ; 53473-36-2 ; 7251-61-8 ; 42287-97-8 ; 1621-91-6 ; 37718-11-9 ; 288-13-1 ; 86-73-7 ; 104-53-0 ; 2018-90-8 ; 87-66-1 ; 135-19-3 ; 1664-57-9 ; 289-80-5 ; 693-95-8 ; 55-22-1 ; 102-93-2 ; 1477-50-5 ; 1632-76-4 ; 4780-79-4 ; 16642-79-8 ; 3581-89-3 ; 501-97-3 ; 771-50-6 ; 98-98-6 ; 619-64-7 ; 100-51-6 ; 402-45-9 ; 59-67-6 ; 93-60-7 ; 273-53-0 ; 2084-13-1 ; 51-17-2 ; 2459-09-8 ; 2459-07-6 ; 95-16-9 ; 459-31-4 ; 90-05-1 ; 150-76-5 ; 103-25-3 ; 271-44-3 ; 6293-56-7 ; 2550-26-7 ; 288-32-4 ; 501-52-0 ; 2001-32-3 ; 1592-38-7 ; 95-15-8 ; 91-19-0 ; 1122-61-8 ; 3724-19-4 ; 20173-24-4 ; 118-31-0 ; 6125-24-2 ; 60-12-8 ; 90-15-3 ; 120-72-9 ; 822-36-6 ; 288-47-1 ; 288-42-6 ; 2038-57-5 ; 38628-51-2 ; 1929-29-9 ; 15009-91-3 ; 1505-50-6 ; 581-40-8 ; 616-47-7 ; 1571-33-1
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CAS No. : | 1929-29-9 |
Formula : | C10H12O3 |
M.W : | 180.20 |
SMILES Code : | O=C(O)CCC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 |
MDL No. : | MFCD00002777 |
InChI Key : | FIUFLISGGHNPSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 95750 |
GHS Pictogram: | ![]() |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 13 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.3 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 4 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 3.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 1.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 49.29 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from | 46.53 Ų |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from | 1.69 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by | 1.9 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from | 1.71 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from | 1.67 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by | 1.91 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions | 1.78 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from | -2.23 |
Solubility | 1.06 mg/ml ; 0.00586 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale | Soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from | -2.5 |
Solubility | 0.57 mg/ml ; 0.00316 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by | -2.71 |
Solubility | 0.354 mg/ml ; 0.00196 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale | Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg | High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg | Yes |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) | No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from | -6.05 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from | 0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from | None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from | 0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from | 0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from | 1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat | 0.56 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from | 0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from | 0.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from | No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) | 1.12 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With phosgene; In water monomer; at 20℃; for 4h; | General procedure: Cinnamoyl chlorides - Derivatives of cinnamic acid were stirred with oxalyl chloride (5 ml g-1) for up to 4 h. The stirring time differed depending on the dissolution rate of the starting cinnamic acid derivative. For derivatives with 4-NO2 or 4-N(CH3)2 substituents, a drop of dry N,N-DMF was added to catalyze the reaction. The excess reagent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The hydroxy groups in the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were acetylated prior to reaction with oxalyl chloride by stirring the derivative (0.0244 mol) in acetic anhydride (5 ml g-1) and pyridine (0.5 ml) at room temperature (rt, ~20 C) overnight. Cold water (~50 ml) was added to the mixture and stirred for further 5-10 min with cooling in an ice-water bath, and the resulting precipitate of acetoxycinnamic acid was obtained by vacuum filtration, washed with cold water and dried.Methyl N-cinnamoylanthranilates - The cinnamoyl chloride (0.014 mol) was added to a solution of excess methyl anthranilate (0.017 mol) in dry pyridine (10 ml g-1), and the mixture was stirred for an hour at rt. Cold water (250 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with cold water until free of pyridine, and was recrystallized from hot ethanol. In contrast, methyl N-hydrocinnamoylanthranilate derivatives, with a low melting point, were extracted in diethyl ether (2 × 70 ml), washed with cold water (2 × 50 ml) and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure.N-Cinnamoylanthranilic acids - The methyl N-cinnamoylanthranilate (0.010 mol) was stirred in a mixture of THF (100 ml) and methanol (20 ml), and LiOH.H2O (0.050 mol) [LiOH dissolved in water 0.2 g per 10 ml] was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at rt overnight. The excess reagent and solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in water (~350 ml) and acidified slowly to pH 4 using dilute HCl (1 M) with stirring. The precipitate was obtained by vacuumfiltration, washed with water and dried, and was recrystallized from hot aqueous ethanol (water-ethanol, 1:4). In the case of N-hydroxycinnamoylanthranilate derivatives, water was added to the resulting solution to aid crystallization.α-Methylcinnamic acid - To a mixture of benzaldehyde (5 ml, 0.0492 mol) and propionic anhydride61 (10 ml, 0.0780 mol), anhydrous sodium acetate (2.5 g) was added and heated under reflux for 4 h. Once the mixture has cooled down to rt, cold water (50 ml) was added and alkalized with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (85 ml). The resulting solid suspension was heated up to dissolve completely, and the unreacted benzaldehyde was extracted in DCM (2 × 25 ml) and the aqueous layer was acidified with concentrated HCl (12 M) with cooling. The pale yellowish white crystals (yield 2.098 g, 26 %) of α-methylcinnamic acid was obtained by vacuum filtration, washed with little cold water (~10 ml) and dried. |
With thionyl chloride; In toluene; | a) Preparation of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionyl Chloride To a suspension of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (10 g) in 150 ml of toluene are added 8 ml of thionyl chloride and the mixture is heated to 65 C. for 4 hours. The solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure and the residue is redissolved in toluene and concentrated to dryness. Such steo is repeated twice. 11 g of the product are obtained as a yellow oil. | |
With thionyl chloride; In dichloromethane; for 3h;Reflux; | General procedure: A solution of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid (300 mg, 1.8 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (20 mL) was treated with thionyl chloride (2.2 mL, 30.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 h and the solvent was then removed until dryness. A translucent oil, corresponding to 3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoyl chloride, was obtained and used directly in the next reaction under the same conditions described in the general procedure. |
With oxalyl dichloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; In dichloromethane; for 2h; | Step 1 Oxalyl chloride (5 eq) was added to a solution of 4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (1 eq) in CH2CI2 (0.1 M), and then a catalytic amount of DMF was added to the reaction mixture to initiate the reaction and bubbling occurred. The reaction was complete in 2 hours, and the solution was dried with N2 for one hour to give the acid chloride, which was used immediately in the next step. | |
With thionyl chloride; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene; at 75℃; for 3h; | A solution of p-methoxyphenylpropionic acid (12a, 2.99 mmol), SOCl2 (2 mL) and DMF (2 drops) was added to toluene (20 mL) and stirred at 75C for 3 h. The reaction was terminated and the solution was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to give p-methoxyphenylpropionyl chloride (13a). (6,2.61 mmol), pyridine (1 mL) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added dropwise with stirring Oxyphenylpropionyl chloride (13a). After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was refluxed for 2 h. The reaction was completed, cooled to room temperature, poured into dilute hydrochloric acid, stirred. Extracted with dichloromethane, and washed with saturated brine. The solvent was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to give crude product. Column chromatography (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate: 15/1, V / V) gave a white solid in 66.8% | |
With phosphorus(V) chloride; In dichloromethane;Reflux; | General procedure: To a solution of phosphorus pentachloride (0.126 g, 0.610 mmol) in dichloromethane (11 mL), phenoxyacetic acid (0.092 g, 0.610 mmol) was added with stirring and the mixture refluxed for 30-40 minutes. After cooling, 4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine (0.060 g, 0.610 mmol) was added and the solution refluxed for 2-2.5 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue quenched with water (50 mL). The solid was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution followed by water to afford compound 19 (0.103 g, 73%) | |
With oxalyl dichloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 5h; | General procedure: An oven-dried flask was charged with aliphatic carboxylic acid (1.00 equiv) and CH2Cl2 (0.50 M). Three drops of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and oxalyl chloride (1.20 equiv, 1.00 M) in DCM were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously at room temperature for 5 h and then evaporated DCM and redundant oxalyl chloride under the vacuum. The crude acid chloride was used for the next reaction without any further purification | |
With oxalyl dichloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; for 1h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: Oxalyl chloride (2equiv) was added at room temperature into asolutioncarboxylic acids(1equiv) in anhydrous dichloromethane. Added one drop ofN,N-dimethylformamide and reacted under nitrogen atmosphere for 1h. The solvent was removed under vacuum, yielding a crude product that were stored in a nitrogen atmosphere for subsequent use without further purified. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; L-phenylalanine; | B. Preparation of 13, 15 2-p-Methoxybenzyl acetic acid 12 (3.92 g, 0.02 mol) was dissolved in 100 mlof ether and cooled to -78 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Triethylamine was added (2.86 ml, 0.0205 mol) followed by pivaloyl chloride (2.52 ml, 0.0205 mol). The mixture was warmed to 0 C. over 30 min. and then stirred at 0 C. for 2 hr. to give mixed anhydride 13. The solution was then cooled to -78 C. (SOLUTION A). In a separate flask the (S) phenylalanine derived oxazolidinone 14 (3.45 g,0.0195 mol) was dissolved in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran and cooled to -78 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. n-Butyllithium (14.3 ml of a 1.36M solution in hexane) was added via cannula, and then was stirred for 15 min at -78 C. (SOLUTION B). Solution B was then added, via cannula, to solution A at -78 C. Theresulting mixture was stirred 15 min at -78 C., warmed to 0C. over 30 min, and then stirred for 1 hr at 0 C. Sixty ml of waterwas then added and the mixture was extracted with 3*50 ml of methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts were washed with 50 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 50 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution and were dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration in vacuo and flash chromatography with silica gel (elution with 3:1, hexanes:ethyl acetate) gave the desired p-methoxybenzyl acetate derived oxazolidinone imide 15 (5.51 g). | |
With triethylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; L-phenylalanine; water; | B. Preparation of 17. 19 2-p-Methoxybenzyl acetic acid 16 (3.92 g, 0.02 mol) was dissolved in 100 ml of ether and cooled to -78 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Triethylamine was added (2.86 ml, 0.0205 mol) followed by Pivaloyl chloride (2.52 ml, 0.0205 mol). The mixture was warmed to 0 C. over 30 min. and then stirred at 0 C. for 2 hr. to give mixed anhydride 17. The solution was then cooled to -78 C. (SOLUTION A). In a separate flask the (S) phenylalanine derived oxazolidinone 18 (3.45 g, 0.0195 mol) was dissolved in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran and cooled to -78 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. n-Butyllithium (14.3 ml of a 1.36 M solution in hexane) was added via cannula, and then was stirred for 15 min. at -78 C. (SOLUTION B). Solution B was then added, via cannula, to solution A at -78 C. The resulting mixture was stirred 15 min. at -78 C., warmed to 0 C. over 30 min., and then stirred for 1 hour at 0 C. Sixty ml of water was then added and the mixture was extracted with 3*50 ml of methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts were washed with 50 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 50 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution and were dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration in vacuo and flash chromatography with silica gel (elution with 3:1, hexanes:ethyl acetate) gave the desired p-methoxybenzyl acetate derived oxazolidinone imide 19 (5.51 g). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: To a flamed-dried flask with magnetic stir bar, was added aliphatic acid (1.0 equiv), dried DCM (1.0 M) and triethylamine (1.05 equiv) successively. The solution was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 0C. Then acyl chloride (1.05 equiv) was added dropwise to the mixture and stirred overnight at rt. The solvent was evaporated by vacuum to afford the crude mixture. And the mixture was dissolved in n-hexane. Then the residue was filtered through a small plug of celite and concentrated to afford the anhydrides. This product was used to next catalytic reaction without any further purification. |
Tags: 1929-29-9 synthesis path| 1929-29-9 SDS| 1929-29-9 COA| 1929-29-9 purity| 1929-29-9 application| 1929-29-9 NMR| 1929-29-9 COA| 1929-29-9 structure
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P406 | Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner. |
P407 | Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets. |
P410 | Protect from sunlight. |
P411 | |
P412 | Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF. |
P413 | |
P420 | Store away from other materials. |
P422 | |
P402 + P404 | Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container. |
P403 + P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
P403 + P235 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
P410 + P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P410 + P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
P411 + P235 | Keep cool. |
Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
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