Piezo is a class of mechanically sensitive ion channels, including two main family members, Piezo1 and Piezo2. They consist of multiple transmembrane domains, forming a large trimeric propeller-shaped structure, primarily located on the cell membrane. Piezo channels play a crucial role in sensing mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretch, and shear forces, by allowing ions (mainly calcium ions) to flow into the cell, activating downstream signaling pathways, and affecting cellular physiological responses. The expression of Piezo channels is tissue- and cell-specific, participating in the regulation of blood pressure, tactile sensation, embryonic development, and other physiological processes. Mutations or dysregulation of Piezo genes are associated with various diseases, including hereditary hypertension, neuropathic pain, and skeletal development abnormalities.