MDM2 (Murine Double Minute 2) is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, structurally featuring ubiquitin ligand binding and p53 binding domains. MDM2 is primarily localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, controlling the cell cycle and apoptosis through the regulation of p53protein degradation. MDM2 plays a role in various signaling pathways, particularly crucial in the p53 pathway. Its gene expression is tissue-specific, and mutations or overexpression are closely associated with the development of various cancers.