OXTR (oxytocin receptor) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, with seven transmembrane domains. It is widely distributed in tissues such as uterine smooth muscle, breast, brain, and heart. OXTR participates in regulating physiological processes such as uterine contraction, milk secretion, and social behavior by recognizing oxytocin. It activates the IP3 and DAG signaling pathways, promoting calcium ion release and smooth muscle contraction. Mutations or abnormal expression of OXTR are associated with the development of delivery disorders, breast diseases, and social cognitive disorders.