The HIF (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor) family comprises HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α, which are nuclear transcription factors. They feature oxygen-dependent degradation domains and transcription activation domains. Located in the cell nucleus, they are sensitive to low oxygen environments. By stabilizing and activating in response to hypoxia, HIF regulates the expression of genes involved in oxygen transport, iron metabolism, cellular metabolism, and angiogenesis. The HIF signaling pathway is crucial for cellular adaptation to low oxygen and involves the activation of genes such as VEGF and EPO. The expression of HIF genes is regulated under both normal and pathological conditions, specifically controlled by oxygen concentration. Mutations or overexpression are associated with various diseases, including tumor progression, ischemic diseases, and chronic inflammation.