Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is an important member of the neurotrophin family, primarily regulated by two receptors: the high-affinity TrkA receptor and the low-affinity p75 receptor. NGF is mainly expressed in neurons, immune cells, and other tissues, and is responsible for promoting the growth, differentiation, and survival of neurons, especially in the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems. By activating MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and other signaling pathways, NGF is involved in biological processes such as nerve repair, inflammatory responses, and pain perception. The specific expression and mutations of the NGF gene are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and pain-related disorders.