The CDK (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase) family is a crucial group of proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, comprising multiple members from CDK1 to CDK20. They share a common kinase domain and, by binding to specific cell cycle proteins (cyclins), regulate processes such as DNA replication and cell division. CDKs are distributed both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, participating in multiple signaling pathways to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. The expression and activity of family members are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. Aberrant expression or mutations in CDK genes often lead to loss of cell cycle control, closely associated with the development of various diseases, particularly cancer.