The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family includes multiple members including RGS1 to RGS20. They are mainly located in the cytoplasm and are widely distributed in a variety of cells and tissues, such as nerve cells, heart and immune cells. RGS protein participates in regulating a variety of biological responses and signaling pathways, including cardiovascular function, immune response and neurotransmission, by enhancing GTPase activity and accelerating the shutdown of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Mutations or abnormal expression of RGS proteins are related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, immune-related diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases.