SF3B1 is a crucial component of the spliceosome complex 3B, responsible for recognizing the branch point sequence of precursor mRNA and playing a central role in RNA splicing. Comprising multiple subunits, it primarily localizes in the cell nucleus, playing a vital role in mRNA processing and gene expression regulation. Abnormal function or genetic mutations in SF3B1 are associated with the occurrence of various diseases, particularly in certain hematological disorders and cancers where SF3B1 mutations are common. These mutations affect the RNA splicing process, leading to the production of aberrant proteins. The specific expression pattern and mutational status of SF3B1 are of significant importance in understanding disease mechanisms and developing potential therapeutic strategies.