Beclin 1 is a crucial regulatory protein in the autophagy process and belongs to the Beclin family, which primarily includes members like Beclin 1 and Beclin 2. It consists of a BH3 domain, a coiled-coil domain, and an evolutionarily conserved domain, predominantly localizing in the cytoplasm and membrane systems. Beclin 1 forms complexes with various proteins, such as Vps34, UVRAG, etc., through which it participates in regulating autophagy and other cell death-related pathways. Its expression exhibits specificity in different cell types and tissues, influencing the cell's response to environmental stress. The expression levels and mutation status of the Beclin 1 gene are closely associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and more.