The Aurora kinase family is a crucial regulatory factor in the process of cell division, comprising three members: Aurora A, B, and C. These proteins share a common kinase catalytic domain responsible for phosphorylating specific substrates, thereby regulating chromosome segregation, spindle assembly, and cytokinesis. Aurora A primarily localizes near the spindle poles, Aurora B associates with chromosome centromeres and the central spindle, while Aurora C is mainly expressed in reproductive cells. The specific activity and expression of these kinases in different cell cycle stages are vital for cell division. Dysregulation and mutations in Aurora genes are closely associated with the development of various cancers, making them potential targets for anticancer therapies.