ERO1 (Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductin 1) is an oxidase located in the endoplasmic reticulum, primarily involved in the formation and rearrangement of incorrect disulfide bonds during protein folding. The ERO1 family includes two isoforms, ERO1α and ERO1β, expressed in different cell types and tissues, regulating the cell's capacity to respond to oxidative stress. ERO1 participates in various signaling pathways, such as apoptosis and inflammation, through the formation of incorrect disulfide bonds. Specific expression and mutations of the gene may lead to abnormal protein processing, associated with various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.