MTH1, a member of the human NUDT family, possesses nucleoside triphosphatase activity, eliminating oxidized nucleoside triphosphates to prevent their incorporation by DNA polymerases and thus averting oxidative damage to DNA. Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, MTH1 can also move to the nucleus. It is widely expressed in various tissues, especially higher in cells with active metabolism or under oxidative stress. Mutations or dysfunctions in the MTH1 gene are associated with the onset of various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.