Neuroprotection/neurogenic agents are a class of drugs or compounds that promote the health of the nervous system by preventing neuronal damage and promoting the generation of new neurons, thus protecting and restoring neural functions. These substances can affect multiple signaling pathways, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell survival pathways, to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. They act in various cell types and brain regions, including the hippocampus, making them critical targets in the study and treatment of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The discovery and application of neuroprotective and neurogenic agents offer new strategies for treating neurological diseases.