The Glutamate transporter family is responsible for regulating the concentration of glutamate in the nervous system, including members such as EAAT1 to EAAT5. They are composed of multiple transmembrane domains and are mainly located on the cell membranes of neurons and glial cells. These transporters maintain the homeostasis of neurotransmitters by transporting glutamate from the synaptic cleft back into the cell, thereby participating in neurotransmission and preventing neurotoxicity. The expression of glutamate transporters is tissue- and cell-specific, and mutations or dysregulation of their genes are associated with various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and ischemic brain injury.