Pirin is a highly conserved nuclear protein belonging to the cupin superfamily. It consists of a β-barrel domain and is primarily located in the cell nucleus. Pirin is involved in regulating various biological processes such as gene transcription, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. It interacts with transcription factors like NF-κB, affecting signaling pathways involved in inflammation and immune regulation. The expression of the Pirin gene is tissue-specific, and its abnormal expression or mutations are associated with various cancers and inflammatory diseases. Despite ongoing research into Pirin's function and mechanisms, it is believed to play a significant role in cellular responses and disease development.