Cytoplasmic dynein is a large ATP-dependent molecular motor belonging to the dynein family. It mainly consists of two complexes: dynein 1 and dynein 2, composed of heavy, intermediate, light intermediate, and light chains. Located primarily in the cytoplasm, it is responsible for directional transport along microtubules, including organelles and signaling molecules. Cytoplasmic dynein exhibits specific expression in neurons and dividing cells. Dysfunctions or mutations are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cell division abnormalities.