PAX2 belongs to the PAX family, a group of genes encoding transcription factors critical for determining cell fate in early developmental processes. PAX2 protein contains a paired domain and a partially conserved octapeptide domain, playing a key role in the development of the kidneys, eyes, and central nervous system. It is involved in multiple signaling pathways, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. The specific expression of PAX2 is crucial for normal tissue development, while dysregulation or mutations are associated with various diseases, including kidney developmental abnormalities, eye disorders, and certain cancers.