The Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) family comprises a group of zinc metalloenzymes widely present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. They catalyze the reversible reaction between CO2 and H2O, producing HCO3- and H+. Humans possess multiple isoforms of CA, including CA I to CA XIV, all of which share a highly conserved active site in their structure. These enzymes exhibit specific distributions in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and even cell membranes, participating in pH regulation, ion exchange, CO2 transport, and various other physiological processes. The expression of CA varies across different tissues, and alterations in their activity and expression levels are associated with many diseases, such as tumors, glaucoma, and hereditary erythrocytosis.