E2F is a group of transcription factors involved in regulating the expression of genes related to the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. The E2F family includes E2F1 to E2F8, each member having a DNA binding domain and a dimerization domain, primarily localized in the nucleus. By binding with the RB protein, E2F regulates the transcriptional activity of target genes, particularly during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. The activity and expression of E2F are regulated by various cellular signals, and abnormal E2F expression is closely linked to the development of various cancers. Specific gene mutations can lead to dysregulation, affecting cell proliferation and growth.