The vasopressin receptor family comprises V1A, V1B (or V3), and V2 receptors, belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) class, characterized by seven transmembrane helical structures. V1A is primarily expressed in vascular smooth muscle, liver, and the brain, regulating vasoconstriction and social behavior; V1B is found in the pituitary gland and the brain, influencing ACTH release and stress responses; V2 is predominantly located in the renal collecting duct, regulating water reabsorption and urine concentration. These receptors, through different signaling pathways such as cAMP and IP3/DAG, participate in fluid balance, blood pressure regulation, and behavioral responses. Gene expression exhibits tissue specificity, and certain gene mutations are associated with familial neurogenic diabetes insipidus, vascular contractility disorders, and abnormal social behavior.