Beta-glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) is a lysosomal enzyme responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucuronic acid compounds, releasing glucuronic acid and other substrates. It consists of multiple functional domains and is primarily located in lysosomes. β-glucuronidase plays a crucial role in regulating the degradation of glycoproteins and glycolipids, drug metabolism, and the clearance of endogenous waste. The expression of β-glucuronidase is tissue-specific, and mutations or dysregulation in its expression are associated with various diseases, including glucuronic aciduria and cancer. The activity of β-glucuronidase is regulated by multiple factors, affecting the metabolic balance and physiological function of cells.