CD73, also known as 5'-nucleotidase, is a transmembrane enzyme widely present in endothelial cells, immune cells, and certain tumor cells. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine and phosphate, playing a central role in the adenosine signaling pathway, affecting various biological functions such as immune suppression, cell proliferation, and tissue protection. The expression and activity of CD73 are crucial for immune regulation and tumor evasion, as it inhibits T cell activity by generating adenosine, thereby promoting tumor cell growth. Specific expression and mutations of its gene play key roles in tumor immune evasion and anti-inflammatory processes. Given its role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses, as well as its importance in tumor development, CD73 is considered a potential target for cancer therapy, especially in tumor immunotherapy strategies.