Phospholipases are a class of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing phospholipids to generate fatty acids and other molecules. Family members include phospholipase A (PLA), phospholipase C (PLC), phospholipase D (PLD), and others. These enzymes are localized in different cellular compartments such as the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, participating in various biological processes including signal transduction, membrane remodeling, energy metabolism, and cellular stress response. Phospholipases generate secondary messengers such as diacylglycerol, inositol trisphosphate, and arachidonic acid, activating multiple signaling pathways. Specific gene expression and mutations are closely associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation.