The PANK (Phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase) family catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA) and includes four isoforms: PANK1 to PANK4. These enzymes are primarily located in the cytoplasm, involved in cellular energy metabolism and lipid synthesis. PANK activity is regulated by various factors, including nutritional status and cellular signaling. Specificity in gene expression and mutations can affect CoA synthesis, thereby interfering with cellular metabolic processes and are associated with certain metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.