The cannabinoid receptor family primarily includes two receptors, CB1 and CB2, belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. CB1 receptors are predominantly distributed in the central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are mainly expressed in immune system cells. These receptors, through a seven-transmembrane helical structure, bind with endogenous cannabinoids and exogenous ligands such as Δ^9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), regulating various physiological processes, including pain perception, appetite, emotions, and immune responses. They activate multiple signaling pathways, including inhibiting cAMP production, activating the MAPK pathway, and modulating calcium ion channels. The specific expression and mutations of genes are closely associated with various diseases, including pain, psychiatric disorders, and inflammation.