LRRK2 is a protein with multiple functional domains, including leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs, a protein kinase domain, and a GTPase domain, belonging to the ROCO protein family. It is expressed in various cell types, particularly in neurons, and is localized in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. LRRK2 is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including autophagy, movement, and neuronal signal transduction, closely associated with the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Specific gene expression and mutations in LRRK2, especially the G2019S mutation, increase the risk of certain diseases, making LRRK2 an important target for research and treatment of these conditions.