FBXO (F-box protein family) is a critical component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, responsible for marking specific proteins for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Members of the FBXO family bind to Skp1 protein through their F-box domain, forming part of the SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) complex, which recognizes and ubiquitinates target proteins. This process is essential for cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and protein homeostasis maintenance. FBXO proteins are expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues. The specific expression and mutations of FBXO genes affect cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, closely associated with the development of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.