Glucosidases constitute a large class of enzymes specialized in catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucosidic bonds, releasing glucose. This family encompasses multiple members, such as α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase, each featuring specific active sites and multiple structural domains. Glucosidases are widely distributed intra- and extracellularly, found in epithelial cells of the small intestine, hepatocytes, and certain microorganisms, participating in physiological and pathological processes including carbohydrate digestion, energy metabolism, and pathogen infection within the digestive system. The activity and expression of these enzymes are rigorously regulated by genetic and environmental factors, and gene-specific expression and mutations may affect an individual's ability to metabolize specific glucosides, correlating with diseases such as diabetes, digestive disorders, and genetic conditions.