The E-NTPDase (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) family consists of a group of cell surface enzymes crucial for regulating extracellular ATP and ADP levels. The family includes members NTPDase1 to NTPDase8, which regulate intercellular signaling by hydrolyzing ATP and ADP. These enzymes are specifically expressed in various cells and tissues, such as platelets, endothelial cells, and neurons, and participate in biological reactions including inflammation, thrombosis, and neurotransmission. The activity and expression of E-NTPDases are controlled by a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Genetic mutations or changes in expression are associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.