The prenyltransferase family is responsible for protein prenylation, a lipid modification process involving the attachment of prenyl lipid anchors to proteins. These enzymes are enriched near the cell membrane, influencing protein localization and function. Family members include FTase and GGTase, which are expressed in various cell types and participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, and signal transduction pathways. Specific expression patterns and gene mutations are associated with various pathological conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Regulation of the activity and expression levels of these enzymes is crucial for maintaining normal cellular function.