Beta-secretase (BACE1) is a type of transmembrane aspartic protease crucial for the generation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positioned along the transport pathway between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum, BACE1 cleaves precursor proteins to produce Aβ. The activity and expression of this enzyme are tightly regulated in the nervous system and closely associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Specific expression patterns and mutations in the BACE1 gene may lead to abnormal accumulation of Aβ, exacerbating the pathological progression of AD. Therefore, BACE1 and its related signaling pathways have become important targets for AD therapy.