Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a type of phospholipid widely present in biological membranes, crucial for maintaining the integrity and function of cell membranes. PE influences cell growth, division, and death by participating in membrane protein folding, cell signaling, and membrane interactions. In cells, PE is primarily synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, regulated through specific biosynthetic pathways. The specific expression of genes affects the synthesis and metabolism of PE, and mutations or improper expression may lead to cellular dysfunction, associated with various diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.