6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is an enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, catalyzing the conversion of 6-phosphogluconate to 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone and NADPH. It consists of multiple functional domains and is primarily located in the cytoplasm. 6PGD plays a crucial role in regulating the cellular redox state, synthesizing fatty acids and nucleotides, and resisting oxidative stress. The expression of 6PGD is tissue-specific, and mutations or dysregulation in its gene are associated with various diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia.