CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) is a member of the ABC transporterprotein family, consisting of two transmembrane domains, two nucleotide-binding domains, and one regulatory domain. CFTR is primarily expressed in epithelial cells, particularly in the lungs, pancreas, intestines, and sweat glands. It is responsible for regulating the transmembrane transport of chloride ions and water, maintaining ion balance and viscosity of the extracellular fluid. It is activated through a cAMP-dependent pathway and is crucial for the function of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. The specific expression and mutations (especially the ΔF508 mutation) of the CFTR gene are closely associated with the occurrence of cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disease that affects multiple organ systems, particularly the mucous secretion and clearance in the lungs.