Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (αKGD) is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), responsible for catalyzing the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to succinate, and generating NADH, thereby participating in the cell's energy metabolism. αKGD is composed of multiple subunits, forming a complex multi-enzyme complex primarily located within the mitochondria. It is not only a core enzyme in energy metabolism but also involved in biological reactions such as amino acid synthesis, deoxyribonucleic acid modification, and cell signaling. The gene expression of αKGD varies among different tissues, and its activity is regulated by nutritional status and oxygen partial pressure. Genetic mutations, such as certain hereditary mutations in its encoding gene, can lead to metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of tumors.