The SV2 (Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2) family is a group of transmembrane proteins, including three members: SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. They consist of 12 transmembrane domains and are primarily located on the synaptic vesicle membrane of neurons and neuroendocrine cells. The SV2 family is involved in regulating neurotransmitter release and synaptic vesicle cycling, controlling neuronal signal transmission by affecting vesicle filling and exocytosis. The expression of SV2 family members is specific in different tissues and cells, and their gene mutations or expression abnormalities are associated with various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric conditions.