Natural Killer (NK) Cell Receptors are a group of receptors on the surface of NK cells, including members of the KIR, NKG2, and NCR families. These receptors regulate the activation and inhibition of NK cells by recognizing ligands on infected or tumor cells, participating in immune surveillance and response. The structural features and gene expression of NK receptors are specific and are related to susceptibility and severity of various diseases. Polymorphisms and mutations in NK receptor genes may affect their function, and are associated with the occurrence and development of diseases such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer.