The ERK (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) family, including ERK1 and ERK2, constitutes the core components of the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) pathway. These kinases are serine/threonine kinases activated through three phosphorylation steps and primarily localize in the nucleus and cytoplasm. ERKs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival by receiving signals from cell surface receptors. They execute their functions by phosphorylating specific transcription factors and other proteins. ERKs are expressed in various cell types and are associated with various biological processes and disease states, including cancer. Specific gene expression and functional mutations may lead to aberrations in signaling pathways, thereby affecting cell behavior and disease progression.