The Bcl-2 family is a crucial protein family that regulates cellular apoptosis, comprising pro-apoptotic members (such as Bax, Bak) and anti-apoptotic members (such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL). These proteins interact through four conserved Bcl-2 homology domains (BH1 to BH4), regulating the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane and influencing cell death or survival. Bcl-2 family proteins are mainly expressed in locations such as mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nucleus, participating in various biological processes including cell apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and immune responses. The specificity of Bcl-2 gene expression and mutations are closely associated with various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, making the Bcl-2 family an important target for treating these diseases.