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CAS No. : | 42882-31-5 | MDL No. : | MFCD00004014 |
Formula : | C12H13N | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | RTCUCQWIICFPOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 171.24 | Pubchem ID : | 98089 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 13 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 10 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.17 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 1 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 1.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 1.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 56.43 |
TPSA : | 26.02 Ų |
GI absorption : | High |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -5.38 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 2.06 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 2.76 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 2.54 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 2.85 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 2.77 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 2.59 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 2.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -3.14 |
Solubility : | 0.123 mg/ml ; 0.000718 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -2.96 |
Solubility : | 0.187 mg/ml ; 0.00109 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -4.14 |
Solubility : | 0.0123 mg/ml ; 0.0000718 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.12 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; ammonium formate; zinc In methanol for 5 h; Reflux | The corresponding ketone (10 mmol: 1.14 g of 1a, 0.98 g of 1b, 1.48 g of 1c, 1.46 g of1d, 1.46 g of 1e, 1.32 g of 1f, 1.20 g of 1g, 1.70 g of 1h, 1.70 g of 1i), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (15mmol, 1.04 g), ammonium formate (60 mmol, 3.78 g) and Zn powder (30 mmol, 1.96 g) in methanol (30mL) was stirred under reflux. After completion of the reaction the mixture was filtered through Celite.(R). andthe solvent was removed by vacuum rotary evaporation. The residue was treated with conc. HCl solution (4mL) and water (30 mL), and then extracted with diethyl ether (2x20 mL) to remove organic residues. Theaqueous phase was alkalized with ammonia solution to pH=10 and extracted with dichloromethane (4x25mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent removed undervacuum. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With hydrogenchloride In ethanol at 20℃; for 2 h; | Gaseous hydrogen chloride was bubbled through a stirred solution of N-diphenylphosphinyl-1-naphthylethylamine in ethyl alcohol for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated, made basic by the addition of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2 M) and extracted with dichloromethane (3.x.10 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine (1.x.10 ml), dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to give the product as a yellow liquid in 80percent yield. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88.3% | With p-chlorophenyl pentanoate; hydrogen; In toluene; at 55℃; under 75.0075 Torr; for 15h;Enzymatic reaction; | In a 250 mL three-necked flask, mechanical stirring was slow,Toluene, 4 g of racemic naphthylethylamine, 5.2 g of acyl donor p-chlorophenol valerate, 1 g of Pd / LDH-SA and 0.4 g of lipaseNovozym 435, hydrogen pressure of 0.01MPa, 55 C under the conditions of reaction 15h, gas chromatography, Naphthylamine reaction completely, The catalyst (lipase and racemic catalyst) was removed by filtration and used in the next reaction, and the toluene solution was dissolved with sodium hydroxide(R) -amide; and the resulting (R) -amide was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to remove p-chlorophenol, then dried and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give2mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis 80 C 10h, then add ammonia to adjust pH> 10,0.5h after the dichloromethane burning extraction, drying, rotary steamTo give 3.538 (10-1- (1-naphthyl) ethylamine in a yield of 88.3%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With chiral stationary phase including isopropyl-functionalized CF6; In methanol; acetic acid; triethylamine; acetonitrile; at 20℃;Purification / work up; | In addition to the foregoing, numerous other chromatographic separations using a column bonded with a CSP including a derivatized cyclofructan residue were carried out. Tables 5-9 list some additional examples of chromatographic separations using a column bonded with a CSP of the present invention. AU examples of chromatographic separations using columns bonded with CSPs of the present invention were carried out using the following experimental conditions and procedures.|0132| The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column packing system was composed of an air driven fluid pump (HASKEL, DSTV- 122), an air compressor, a pressure regulator, a low pressure gauge, two high-pressure gauges (10,000 and 6,000 psi), a slurry chamber, check valves, and tubings. The CSPs were slurry packed into a 25 cm x 0.46 cm (inner diameter, I. D.) stainless steel column.|0133| The HPLC system was an Agilent 1 100 system (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto,CA), which consisted of a diode array detector, an autosampler, a binary pump, a temperature- controlled column chamber, and Chemstation software. All chiral analytes were dissolved in ethanol, methanol, or other appropriate mobile phases, as indicated. For the LC analysis, the injection volume and flow rate were 5 muL and 1 mL/min, respectively. Separations were carried out at room temperature (~20 0C) if not specified otherwise. The wavelengths of UV detection were 195, 200, 210, and 254 nm. The mobile phase was degassed by ultrasonication under vacuum for 5 min. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate. Three operation modes (the normal phase mode, polar organic mode, and reversed phase mode) were tested, unless indicated otherwise. In the normal phase mode, heptane with ethanol or isopropanol was used as the mobile phase. In some cases, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was used as an additive, as indicated. The mobile phase of the polar organic mode was composed of acetonitrile/methanol and small amounts of acetic acid and triethylamine. Water/acetonitrile or acetonitrile/acetate buffer (20 mM, pH = 4.1 ) was used as the mobile phase in the reversed-phase mode.|0134| Two different supercritical fluid chromatographic instruments were used. One was a Berger SFC unit with an FCM 1200 flow control module, a TCM 2100 thermal column module, a dual pump control module, and a column selection valve. The flow rate was 4 mL/min. The cosolvent was composed of methanol/ethanol/isopropanol = 1 : 1 : 1 and 0.2% diethylamine (DEA). The gradient mobile phase composition was 5% cosolvent hold during 0- 0.6 min, 5-60% during 0.6-4.3 min, 60% hold during 4.3-6.3 min, 60%-5% during 6.3-6.9 min, and 5% hold during 6.9-8.0 min. The other SFC system was a Jasco (MD, USA) system comprised of an autosampler unit (AS-2059-SF Plus), a dual pump module (PU-2086 Plus), a column thermostat module (CO-2060 Plus), a UV/Vis detector (UV-2075 Plus), and a back pressure regulator module (SCH-Vch-BP). Unless otherwise specified, the mobile phase was composed of CCVmethanol (0.1 % TFA or 0.1% diethylamine). The flow rate was 3 mL/min.|0135| For the calculations of chromatographic data, the "dead time" to was determined by the peak of the refractive index change due to the sample solvent or determined by injecting l ,3,5-tri-/e/-/-butylbenzene in the normal phase mode. | |
82.9 g; 81.32 g | 2.5 L isopropanol was added 171.2 g (1 mol) of 1-naphthylethylamine and 237.4 g (0.98 mol)(+) - 4-phenyl-2-light-5,5-ene-methyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxy ether, 5.53 g (0.02 mol)(+) - 4- (2-chlorophenyl) -2-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorane, heated to refluxClarification, stirring lh, cooling crystallization, filtration, washing with 200mL isopropanol filter cake, get 202.4g white solid, namely (R) -l-1_naphthalene ethylamine complex salt. The above filter cake was dissolved in 500 mL of water,With 10% K0H solution adjusted rhoH- = 8,Stirring at room temperature lh,Extracted three times with methylene chloride,Each time the amount of 100mL,Drying the organic layer,(R) - (+) - l-naphthylethylamine (81.32 g) Yield 95%99.2% e.Solid optically active f: + 47.2 (c = l methanol) was measured.Water layer with hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to strong acid,Stirring a large amount of solid at room temperature,Filter, recovery split agent. The filtrate and the washing liquid in step a are combined,The organic solvent was distilled off,The resulting solid was dissolved in 500 mL of water,With 10% Na0H solution adjusted rhoH- = 8,Stirring at room temperature lh,Extracted three times with methylene chloride,Each time the amount of 100mL,Drying the organic layer,The organic solvent was distilled off,To obtain -(i) -naphthalene ethylamine 82.9g,The yield was 96.8%96.3% e.Water layer transferred to strong acidity,Stir at room temperature, suction filtration, recovery of the remaining resolving agent |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; ammonium formate; zinc; In methanol; for 5h;Reflux; | The corresponding ketone (10 mmol: 1.14 g of 1a, 0.98 g of 1b, 1.48 g of 1c, 1.46 g of1d, 1.46 g of 1e, 1.32 g of 1f, 1.20 g of 1g, 1.70 g of 1h, 1.70 g of 1i), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (15mmol, 1.04 g), ammonium formate (60 mmol, 3.78 g) and Zn powder (30 mmol, 1.96 g) in methanol (30mL) was stirred under reflux. After completion of the reaction the mixture was filtered through Celite andthe solvent was removed by vacuum rotary evaporation. The residue was treated with conc. HCl solution (4mL) and water (30 mL), and then extracted with diethyl ether (2x20 mL) to remove organic residues. Theaqueous phase was alkalized with ammonia solution to pH=10 and extracted with dichloromethane (4x25mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent removed undervacuum. |
With ammonium formate; at 165℃; for 8 - 10h; | EXAMPLE 3: PREPRATION OF RACEMIC 1-(1-NAPTHYL) ETHYLAMINE:1-acetonaphthone (200 g) and ammonium formate (370 g) were taken into a round bottom flask and Dean and stalk apparatus was arranged. The reaction mass was heated to about 165 C and maintained for about 8-10 hrs, the collected water was discarded. Reaction completion was checked using thin layer chromatography, and after the reaction was completed, the reaction mass was allowed to cool to about 50 C and HCI (200 ml) was added to it slowly, and stir for 10-15 min at 50 C. Add methanol (200 ml) slowly and then maintained for 15- 20 min.The reaction mass was filtered through a hyflow bed and the bed was washed with methanol (400 ml). The filtrate was taken into another round bottom and add HCI (400 ml) slowly at 25-35C, and the contents were heated to about 65 C. The reaction mass was maintained at about 65 C for about 3-4 hours and then cooled to about 25-35C. Water (1000 ml) was added to it under stirring EPO <DP n="25"/>followed by addition of dichloromethane (1000 ml). The reaction mass was stirred for about 10 minutes, and then the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane (1000 ml). The combined DCM washing layers were extracted with DM-Water (1000 ml). The combined aq. layer pH was then adjusted to about 10-12 using caustic lye and then extracted into dichloromethane (2000 ml) in two lots. The combined organic layer was washed with 2000 ml of water in two lots. The organic layer was distilled off completely under a vacuum of about 650 mm/Hg at 48C to yield 120 g of the title compound.Purity By GC: 98.41%. | |
With ammonium acetate; sodium cyanoborohydride; In methanol; at 20℃; for 12h; | General procedure: 1-(2-methylphenyl)ethanone (0.50 mL, 3.73 mmol) and ammonium acetate (2.88 g, 37.3 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (20 mL). To the stirred solution was added slowly a solution of NaCNBH3 (0.79 g, 11.2 mmol) dissolved in methanol (15 mL) through a dropping funnel. The whole mixture was stirred at room temperature. After stirring for 12 h, solvent was removed by using rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and then the solution was treated with 6 N HCl solution to makethe solution to be acidic (pH = 12-13). The two layers were separated and then 6 N NaOH solutionwas added to the separated aqueous solution to make the solution to be basic (pH = 11-12). The basic aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate twice and then combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. Solvent was removed by using rotary evaporator to afford an intermediateamine B, 1-(2-methylphenyl)ethylamine (Ar = 2-methylphenyl, R1 = CH3, compound B in Figure 5) (0.21 g, 46% yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With hydrogenchloride; In ethanol; at 20℃; for 2h; | Gaseous hydrogen chloride was bubbled through a stirred solution of N-diphenylphosphinyl-1-naphthylethylamine in ethyl alcohol for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated, made basic by the addition of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2 M) and extracted with dichloromethane (3×10 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine (1×10 ml), dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to give the product as a yellow liquid in 80% yield. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72% | With hydrogenchloride; In ethanol; at 20℃; for 2h; | Gaseous hydrogen chloride was bubbled through a stirred solution of N-diethylphosphinyl-1-naphthylethylamine in ethyl alcohol for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated, made basic by the addition of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2 M) and extracted with dichloromethane (3×10 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine (1×10 ml), dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to give the product as a yellow liquid in 72% yield. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With triethylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 60℃; for 72h; | Synthesis of N1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-N-2-[1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclohexane-1,2-diamine: PHD 263 To a solution of aziridine prepared beforehand (80 mg; 0.30 mmol) in 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF), are successively added triethylamine (0.009 ml; 0.06 mmol) and 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (0.145 ml; 0.90 mmol). After stirring for 3 days at 60 C., the medium is concentrated before being purified on a silica column (eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate: 1/1). 125 mg (0.285 mmol; 95%) of the compound of aziridine opening are isolated in the form of a colorless foam. The diamine is then converted to its hydrochloride by treatment with a solution of HCl in methanol. Mass spectrometry (ES): m/z: 439 [M+H]+ Melting point: 135-140 C. (decomposition) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; In chloroform; benzene; | EXAMPLE 10 d(+) and l(-) 3-[N-(1-{1-Naphthyl}ethyl)aminomethylene]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoline carboxylic acid, ethyl ester A mixture of 6.4 g. of racemic 3-hydroxymethylene-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoline carboxylic acid, ethyl ester from Example 7 and 3.2 g. of d-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine in 60 ml. of benzene are stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hrs. The solvent is removed by evaporation in vacuo, and the residue is redissolved in 250 ml. of chloroform. The chloroform solution is washed with 150 ml. of 1N sodium hydroxide, and then the dried organic phase is concentrated to dryness in vacuo. This affords 9.3 g. of 3-[N-(1-[1-naphthyl]ethyl)aminomethylene]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoline carboxylic acid, ethyl ester as a mixture of two diasteriomers, [alpha]D25 = -364.17 (1% solution in CHCl3). | |
With sodium hydroxide; In chloroform; benzene; | A. d(+) and l(-) 3-[N-(1-{1-Naphthyl}ethyl)aminomethylene]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoline carboxylic acid, ethyl ester A mixture of 6.4 g. of racemic 3-hydroxymethylene-6,7-dimethoxy- 2-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoline carboxylic acid, ethyl ester from Example 1-F and 3.2 g. of d-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine in 60 ml. of benzene are stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hrs. The solvent is removed by evaporation in vacuo, and the residue is redissolved in 250 ml. of chloroform. The chloroform solution is washed with 150 ml. of 1N sodium hydroxide, and then the dried organic phase is concentrated to dryness in vacuo. This affords 9.3 g. of 3-[N-(1-[1-naphthyl]ethyl)aminomethylene]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoline carboxylic acid, ethyl ester as a mixture of two diasteriomers, [alpha]D25 = -364.17 (1% solution in CHCl3). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72% | With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydroxide; diisobutylaluminium hydride; In dichloromethane; | Preparation of 12Z A stirred solution of 2-chlorohydrocinnamonitrile (Aldrich Chemical Co., 1.66 g, 10 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 ml) was cooled to -78 C. and treated dropwise with diisobutylaluminum hydride (1.42 g, 10 mmol). The reaction was stirred 1 hr at rt, cooled to -78 C. and treated with a solution of 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (1.71 g, 10 mmol) in dichloromethane (25 ml). The reaction was transferred to an ice bath and stirred 2 hr. After this time the reaction was poured directly into a stirred solution of ethanolic sodium borohydride (50 ml of 0.2 M, 10 mmol). The mixture was stirred 30 min at rt and the excess sodium borohydride quenched by the addition of 10% HCl. The solution was then made basic by the addition of 10 N NaOH and transferred to a separatory funnel washing with diethyl ether (300 ml). The aqueous phase was removed and the remaining organic layer washed with 1 N NaOH (3*100 ml). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to an oil. Chromatography of this material through silica gel using a gradient of chloroform to 10% methanol-chloroform afforded 2.34 g (72% yield) of (R)-N-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)propyl]-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, 12Z, as a clear oil; m/z (rel. int.) 323 (M+, 2), 308 (63), 288 (7), 196 (5), 184 (5), 155 (100), 125 (24), 115 (8), 103 (4), 91 (3), 77 (7). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93%; 92% | With immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435); In diethyl ether; | The racemate resolution of 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine was carried out as described by K. Ditrich (Synthesis 2008, 14; 2283-2287). 1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine (17.2 g, 0.1 mol) and isopropyl methoxyacetate (19.8 g, 0.15 mol) were dissolved in diethyl ether (400 ml). After addition of immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435) (1 g), the turbid solution was stirred overnight at room temperature (30 rpm). The progress of the reaction was monitored by means of chiral HPLC. The reaction was stopped when an ee of 99.5% for the unreacted S-enantiomer and of 99.1% for the amide of the R-enantiomer was reached. Solid reaction residues were removed by filtration and washed with diethyl ether (50 ml). The combined filtrates were admixed with 5% strength aqueous HCl (50 ml) while stirring. After phase separation, the organic phase was washed with water (100 ml). The combined aqueous phases were reextracted with diethyl ether (3×70 ml) and the combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent and removal of unreacted isopropyl methoxyacetate by distillation, the amide of the R-enantiomer was obtained in the form of colorless crystals in a yield of 93%. An optically pure sample having a melting point of 80 C. could be obtained by recrystallization from cyclohexane. The combined aqueous extracts were made alkaline (pH 13) by addition of 50% strength aqueous NaOH while cooling in an ice bath. Diethyl ether (75 ml) was subsequently added and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (2×75 ml) and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent and purification by distillation, the S-enantiomer which remained was obtained in a yield of 92%. |
48%; 45% | With Novozym 435; at 47℃;Molecular sieve; Enzymatic reaction; | General procedure: One of the amines rac-1a-i (2 mmol) and isopropyl methoxyacetate (2 mmol) were added into a reaction vessel containing Novozym 435 (25 mg) and molecular sieves (4 A, 50 mg). The reaction mixture was shaken (170 rpm) at room temperature (23 C) if not otherwise stated. The reaction was stopped by filtering off the enzyme at (50 +/- 0.5)% conversion. Isolation of the products was performed by silica gel chromatography using a mixture of hexane and ethylacetate and/or mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
l-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-lH-indazole-4-carboxylic acid (40.0 mg, 0.156 mmol) and O-(J- azabenzotriazole-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (etaATU) (89 mg, 0.23 mmol) were combined in a 20 mL vial and dimethylacetamide (DMA) (1 mL) was added. The yellow solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes and then a solution of l-(l-napthyl)ethylamine (40.1 mg, 0.234 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (nuMM) (0.086 mL, 0.78 mmol) in DMA (0.20 mL) was added. The mixture was shaken at room temperature for 16 hours then the solution was evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative reversed-phase etaPLC to afford the title compound. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
35% | With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; | Example 1862-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-cyclopropyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-N-[(1S)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]propionamide (Diastereomer A) 100.0 mg (0.325 mmol) of 2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-cyclopropyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-propionic acid from Example 105A are placed in 2 ml of DMF and treated with 61.2 mg (0.357 mmol) of (+/-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethanamine, 52.7 mg (0.390 mmol) of HOBt and 81.0 mg (0.422 mmol) of EDC hydrochloride. The mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature, then partitioned between dichloromethane and water, and the organic phase is separated, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. The residue is purified by flash chromato-graphy on silica gel (eluent: first dichloromethane, then dichloromethane/methanol 100:1) and then further separated by preparative HPLC on chiral phase [Method 15]. 52 mg (35% of theory) of the diastereomerically pure target compound are thus obtained (see also Example 187).MS [ESIpos]: m/z=461 (M+H)+. HPLC [Method 2]: Rt=4.84 min. chiral HPLC [Method 15]: Rt=2.49 min. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): delta=0.52 (m, 2H), 0.87 (m, 2H), 1.50 (d, 3H), 1.53 (d, 3H), 3.13 (tt, 1H), 4.80 (q, 1H), 5.68 (dq, 1H), 7.43 (t, 1H), 7.48-7.61 (m, 5H), 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.93 (m, 1H), 8.05 (m, 1H), 8.54 (d, 1H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | In ethanol; at 25 - 60℃; | Example 4; Preparation of (R)-i-naphthylethylamine mandalate salt; Racemic 1-naphthylethylamine (2.63 moles, 450 gms) was suspended in ethanol (3.1 Its). D-mandelic acid (2.63 moles, 400 gms) was added under stirring. Pure (R)- naphthylethylamine mandalate (3-4 gms) was added as a seed and heated at 55-6O0C until a clear solution was obtained. The solution was cooled gradually to 25-3O0C and stirred for about 12 hours to obtain a solid. The solid was suspended in ethanol (2.3 Its) and heated at a temperature of 55-6O0C for about half an hour. The suspension was cooled gradually to 25-3O0C and stirred to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with ethanol and dried at 50-550C to obtain the title compound (250 gms, Yield 70%, chiral purity >;99.0%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | In ethanol; at 25 - 60℃; | Example 5; Preparation of (S)-i-naphthylethylamine mandalate salt; Racemic 1-naphthylethylamine (2.63 moles, 450 gms) was suspended in isopropyl alcohol (3.1 Its). D-mandelic acid (1.32 moles, 200 gms) was added under stirring and heated at 55-6O0C until a clear solution was obtained. The solution was cooled gradually to 25-3O0C and stirred for about 12 hours to obtain a solid. The solid was suspended in isopropyl alcohol (2.3 Its) and heated at a temperature of 55-6O0C for about half an hour. The suspension was cooled gradually to 25-3O0C and stirred to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with isopropyl alcohol and dried at 50-550C to obtain the title compound (225 gms, Yield 62%, chiral purity >;99.0%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With benzotriazol-1-ol; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide; In acetonitrile; at 50℃; | Example 123: Preparation of l-[7-chloro-2-(2-chIoro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-lH- benzimidazole-5-carbonyl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (1-naphthalen-l-yl-ethyl)- amide; The title compound was prepared as follows:; Step 1 : Preparation of 4-(l-naphthalen-2-yl-ethylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; To a solution piperidine-l,4-dicarboxylic acid mono-tert-butyl ester (0.30 g, 1.30 mmol) in acetonitrile was added DCC(0.26g, 1.30 mmol) and HOBT (0.19g, 1.43 mmol), 1-naphthalen-l-yl-ethylamine (0.25 ml, 1.57 mmol). This reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 50 C , then the solvent was evaporated, and the residue stirred with sat- NaHC03(aq) solution was added, and the mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by silica gel chromatography (Hex/EA=2/1) to give the title compound: 0.45 g (92 %). NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz) : 6(ppm) 8.05-7.43 (m, 7H), 5.87 (q, J=8.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.75-1.60 (m, 8H), 1.67 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 1.43 (s, 9H) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59% | In butan-1-ol; at 145℃; for 24h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: The following is representative: 4-chloro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (7a) (275 mg, 1.06 mmol) and (R)-1-phenylethanamine (0.44 mL, ?3.5 mmol) were added to a dry round bottle flask containing 1-butanol (3.5 mL) under argon atmosphere. The mixture was heated at 145 C for 24 h. The precipitate formed upon cooling to rt. was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (25 mL) and dried resulting in a solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In ethyl acetate at 25 - 30℃; for 10h; | 7 Example 7: Preparation of montelukast l-(l-naphthyl)ethylamine saltMethod A: To a stirred solution of montelukast (98 g, 0.16 mol) in ethyl acetate (400 ml), 1-(1- naphthyl)ethylamine salt (38 g, 0.22 mol) was added at 25-30 °C and was stirred for 10 hours. The precipitated solid was filtered off. Acetonitrile (1000 ml) was slowly added to resulting filtrate at 25- 30 °C and stirred for 24 hours. The precipitated solid was filtered and washed successively with acetonitrile (200 ml) and n-heptane (200 ml). The resulting solid was dried for 2 hours and dried under vacuum at 30 °C for 4 hours to give 70 g of crystalline title compound having purity 99.3 % by HPLC. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Method B: A solution of l-(mercaptomethyl)cyclopropaneacetic acid (30 g ,0.21 mol) in methanol (30 ml) was added to a cooled solution of methanolic sodium hydroxide (prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide (18 g ,0.45 mol ) in methanol (120 ml ) and stirred for 5 hours at ambient temperature. Tetrahydrofuran (500 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and cooled to -15 to -10 C. [(S)-(E)]-2-[2-[3-[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl] phenyl]-3-methanesulphonyloxy]propyl] phenyl] -2-propanol (obtained as above) was added to above reaction mixture at -15 to -10 C and temperature of the reaction mixture was slowly raised to 25-30 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 hours at 25-30 C. After completion of reaction, demineralized water (500 ml) was added to the reaction mixture followed by addition of 10 % tartaric acid to adjust the pH of reaction mixture to 9-10 and extracted with n-heptane (3 x 800ml). Another portion of 10 % tartaric acid (180 ml) was added to reaction mixture and aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 500 ml) and the combined organic layer was successively washed with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution (500 ml) and water (2 x 500 ml). Butylated hydroxy anisole (2 g), activated charcoal (20 g) and anhydrous sodium sulfate were added to dichloromethane layer at 25-30 C and stirred for 30 minutes. Reaction mixture was filtered through hyflo-bed. dichloromethane was partially distilled off from reaction mixture and resulting reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature. Acetonitrile (400 ml) was added to reaction mixture and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then heated to 35-40 C and l-(l-naphthyl)ethyl amine (35 g) followed by acetonitrile (600 ml) were successively added to reaction mixture and stirred for 12 hours. The solid thus precipitated was filtered, successively washed with acetonitrile (200 ml ) and n-heptane (200ml) and dried to give 85.3g of title compound. A portion of resulting product was purified using dichloromethane and acetonitrile to give purified title compound which was again purified with water, methanol and acetonitrile to give title compound having purity 99.84 % by HPLC and melting point: 100.20 C by DSC. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 20℃; for 0.25h; | General procedure: (S)-1-Phenylethylamine and (R)-phenylethylamine were mixed in a ratio of 85/15. To the mixture (242 mg, 2.0 mmol) in THF (6.0 mL) were added Et3N (0.42 mL, 3.0 mmol) and acetyl chloride (0.14 mL, 2.0 mmol) at 0 C. After being stirred for 15 min at rt, the mixture was poured into NH4Cl aq and extracted with AcOEt. The AcOEt extracts were washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, and evaporated to dryness. Purification of the residue by column chromatography (hexane/AcOEt=1) gave 1a (319 mg, 98%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In ethyl acetate; at 0 - 20℃; for 10.5h; | A mixture of <strong>[287714-41-4]rosuvastatin</strong> (60 g) in ethyl acetate (300 ml) was cooled to 0C and a solution of (+)-l-(l-naphthyl)ethylamine (21 g) in ethyl acetate (60 ml) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at same temperature. Thereafter; temperature of reaction mixture was raised to ambient temperature and stirred for further 10 hours. n-Heptane (240 ml) was added to the reaction mixture to induce precipitation. Reaction mixture was cooled to -10 C and stirred for 1 hour at same temperature. Product, thus formed, was filtered, washed with n-heptane and ethyl acetate mixture and dried to give 60 g of title compound having purity 96.5 % by HPLC |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
7- [4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(methanesulfonyl-n ethyl-amino)- pyrimidin-5-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoic acid methyl ester (500 g) was treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide ( 60 g sodium hydroxide in 2.5 L water ) and stirred the reaction mass at 25-35 °C for 1-2 hours. After completion of reaction, reaction mass was cooled to ambient temperature and activated carbon (25 g) was added and stirred for 30 minutes. Reaction mixture was filtered through hyflow bed and wash bed with water. Resulting filtrate was washed with methyl tert-butyl ether (4 x 1.5 L). Ethyl acetate (2.5 L) was added to resulting mixture followed by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust pH of reaction mixture 1 to 2 at 10-15 °C and stirred. Layers were separated and aqueous layer was re-extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L). Combined organic layer was washed with brine solution. (+)-l-(l-naphthyl)ethylamine (175 g) diluted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) was added to the resulting organic layer to adjust the pH of reaction mixture to 7- 8. Solvent was distilled off completely from the reaction mixture. Ethyl acetate (2.5 L) was added to resulting residue followed by addition of (+)-l-(l-naphthyl)ethylamine (170 g) diluted with ethyl acetate (250 ml) and stirred for 6-8 hours at ambient temperature. n-Heptane (1.5 L ml) was added to resulting mixture and cooled the mixture at -5 °C. Resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, filtered, washed with n-heptane. Resulting wet product was slurried in acetonitrile (2.5 L), filtered, washed with acetonitrile (250 ml) and dried to give 310 g of title compound having purity 99.74 percent; anti-isomer: 0.2 percent; lactone: not detected; 5-keto acid impurity: not detected by HPLC. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With heptakis (6-O-triisopropylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin; triethylamine; In cyclohexane; at 10℃; for 6h;Resolution of racemate; | General procedure: The N-acylation of racemic 1, 2, and 3 was carried out with acyl chlorides as acylation reagents and triethylamine as the base in cyclohexane in the presence and absence of TIPS-beta-CD. After a mixture of racemic 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) and 6-O-silylated beta-CD was stirred for 1 h in cyclohexane (600 muL) to reach the complexation equilibrium between 1, 2, and 3 and 6-O-silylated beta-CD, triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol), the acyl chlorides 4a-j were added at 10 C. The mixture was then stirred at 10 C for 6 h. The resulting products were analyzed by HPLC using the chiral phase column Diacel Chiralcel OD-H (250mm x4.6mm i.d.) using hexane/2-propanol=80:20 or 95:5 as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.5 or 1.5 mL min-1 using UV detection (254 nm). The HPLC charts of the products obtained after N-acylation of 1, 2, and 3 (6.0x10-4 mmol) with acyl chlorides 4a-j (3.3x10-4 mmol) in cyclohexane (600 muL)including triethylamine (6.0x10-4 mmol) in the absence and presence of TIPS-beta-CD (3.0x10-3 mmol) are shown in Figs. S18-26,respectively |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With ammonia; hydrogen; at 200℃; under 46504.7 - 50255 Torr; for 12h;Autoclave;Catalytic behavior; | An autoclave was charged with 4.5 g of the calcined catalyst from example 1 and closed. The autoclave was flushed twice with nitrogen and subsequently pressurized with hydrogen until a pressure of 50 bar had been reached. The autoclave was heated to 200 C. and on reaching the temperature hydrogen was injected in such an amount that a total pressure of 200 bar was reached in order to activate the catalyst. After two hours under these conditions, the autoclave was cooled and depressurized and (R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (86.1 g, ee: 98.8%) was introduced into the closed autoclave by means of a pump. Ammonia (18.7 g) was subsequently injected as liquefied gas and the autoclave was heated to 200 C. 5 bar of hydrogen were injected in addition to the existing pressure of the autoclave (about 62 bar). After stirring for 12 hours, the autoclave was cooled to 40 C. and depressurized, and the reaction mixture was degassed and analyzed. According to gas-chromatographic analysis, the mixture comprised 5% of 1-ethylnaphthalene, 84% of 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine and 9% of a high boiler, presumably bis(1-naphthalen-1-ylethyl)amine. The proportion of remaining components was below 1%. The ee was 0%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; In neat (no solvent); at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; | General procedure: Zn(OTf)2 (0.05 mmol) was added into a mixture of primary amines(1 mmol) and the 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (1.1 mmol) in a 50 mLround bottomed flask and it was kept stirring at room temperature.The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC. The productwas dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL) and filtered. The pure productwas obtained by directly passing through a silica gel (200-300 mesh)column using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate and identified by IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, MS, and HRMS. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With iron(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate; In neat (no solvent); at 20℃; for 0.05h;Green chemistry; | General procedure: Fe(OTf)3 (1 mol%) was added to a magnetically stirred mixture of anamine (1 mmol) and Boc2O (1 mmol) at room temperature. The mixturewas stirred until completion of the reaction (TLC), then diluted withEtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was dried overanhydrous MgSO4, then the solvent was distillated off under vacuum toyield the highly pure N-Boc derivatives |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
37% | With 1-hydroxytetraphenyl-cyclopentadienyl(tetraphenyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-one)-mu-hydrotetracarbonyldiruthenium(II); at 120℃; under 0.375038 Torr; for 48h;Enzymatic reaction; | General procedure: General experimental conditions and results on the DKR reactions are collected in Table2. First, 110mg (1mol%) of the Shvo's catalyst, 70ml of the corresponding glyme, racemic 1-(aryl)ethylamine and the corresponding acyl donor were placed in a three-necked 100ml round-bottom flask, equipped with a thermometer, a magnetic stirrer bar, a capillar and a Soxhlet head (50ml) with a reflux condenser. The enzyme (Novozyme 435) was packed in 4 porous polyethylene bags, 50mg in each. In the case of the slower reacting 1-(naphthyl)ethylamine, 6 bags containing 300mg of enzyme in total were utilized. The bags containing the enzyme were placed into an extraction chamber of the Soxhlet extractor together with 5mm glass beads. In this way the ?dead volume? of the Soxhlet extractor was reduced to approximately 20ml. Disposable thermo-sensors were placed between the enzyme bags. If desired, with proper construction of the reflux condenser, a thermometer could also be inserted into the glass beads. The outlet of the reflux condenser was connected to an inlet of a membrane pump equipped with vacuum control unit. The argon inlet was connected to the capillar and to the gas inlet of the pump. We recommend the incorporation of a 1-2l buffer flask between the apparatus and the vacuum pump for controlling the vacuum oscillation. The use of Teflon thermostable grease for the hot joints is likewise recommended. The side arm of the extractor should be thermally insulated. Loops of rubber tubing with cooling water circulation can be applied around the extraction chamber for additional cooling of the enzyme. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In methanol; tert-butyl methyl ether; water; | (a) Resolution using (S)-(-)-1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl amine To a stirred solution of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropionic acid (compound VII; 240 gms/0.88 moles) in a mixture of tert-butyl methyl ether (1.2 lit) and methanol (1.2 lit) was added (S)-(-)-1-(1-Naphthyl) ethyl amine (82.8 gms/0.484 moles). The reaction mass was further stirred for 1 hour at 25-30 C. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with tert-butyl methyl ether (500 ml) and dried. The solid was stirred in a mixture of distilled water (1.2 lit) and tert-butyl methyl ether (1.2 lit) and cooled to 10-15 C. The reaction mass was acidified with conc. HCl and stirred for 30 minutes. The organic phase was separated; aqueous phase was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (1.0 lit). The organic phases were combined together, washed with brine, and concentrated under vacuum at 25-30 C. The residue was stirred in n-Hepatne (720 ml). The solid was isolated by filtration and dried to give 79 g of the title compound (VIII). Efficiency: 32.91% Purity by HPLC: 99.5% Chiral purity: 98.1% |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | In tetrahydrofuran; at 0 - 20℃; for 24h; | To a solution of 1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine (429.2 mg, 2.5 mmol) in dry THF(15 mL) at 0 oC was added dropwise 4-nitrophenyl isothiocyanate(450.5 mg, 2.5 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) over 3 min. After the addition, the reaction mixture wasallowed to warm to room temperature and then was stirred for 12 h. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, andthe residue was triturated with hexanes to give yellow solid, which wasrecrystallized (CH2Cl2 in hexanes) to give a light yellowcotton-like solid as the desired thiourea product (763 mg, 87%). 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) d1.68, (d, J = 19 Hz, 3H, CH3),3.38 (s, 1H, Ar-CH), 6.29 (m, 1H), 7.60 (m, 4H), 7.92 ( m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 7.81, Hz, 1H), 8.20 (m, 3H), 8.79(d, J = 7.78 Hz, 2H), 10.07 (s,1H). MS calculated for C19H17N3O2S,351. LC-MS: 352.01 (M + H)+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
177 g | Example 7: Preparation of 1-naphthalen-1-yl-ethylaminc salt of rosuvastatinMethod B: 2-(6- { 2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyi)-6-isopropyl -2-(methanesulfonylmethilamino)pyrirnidin-5-yl]vinyl}-2,2-dimethyl-[1 ,3]dioxan-4-yl)-N-(1 -phenyl-cthyl)-acetamide (250g)was taken in a mixture of isopropanol (2.5L) and water (250ml). Hydrochloric acid (125m1)was added slowly to the reaction mass and stirred for 30 minutes at 35-40C. After completionof reaction potassium hydroxide (1 25g) and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (750m1) wereadded in reaction mass and stirred for 24 hour at 80-85C. Isopropanol was distilled out under vacuum and the reaction mass was filtered at 25-30C and washed with methyl-tertiary butyl ether. pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 1-2 from hydrochloric acid and product was extracted in methyl-tertiary butyl ether. Organic layer was washed with brine (1.25 L) and 1 -(1 -naphthyl)ethylamine (75.Og) was added and the solvent was distilled out completely. Ethyl acetate was added to the residue and again 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (70.Og) was added. Reaction mass was stirred at room. temperature for 6 hours, thereafter, n-heptanc was added.The resulting solid was filtered and purified from acetonitrile to get 177g of the title compound having purity 99.8 1% by HPLC, antiisomer 0.13%.1H-NMR, (400 MHz, CDC13, ppm): 0.85(m, 2H), 1.16(d, 6H), l.56(m, 511), 3.24(m, 1H), 3.43(s, 3H), 3.49(s, 311), 3.51(m, IH), 4.06(m, 1H), 4.99(m, 1H), 5.23(dd,. li-I), 6.44(d, 11-I),6.64(br., 4H), 6.96(m, 1 1H); |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70.6% | In acetone; at 10℃;Reflux; | Example 18: Preparation of N-(3-carboxy-l-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)- methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester naphthyl ethyl amine salt. To a solution of N-(3-carboxy-l-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester (20g) in acetone (200ml) was added naphthyl ethyl amine (8.3g) under stirring at 10-15C. Reaction mixture was stirred for 5-10 minutes at 25-30C and then heated to reflux. The reaction mixture was cooled to 10- 20C and stirred at this temperature for 2-3 hours. Solid product was filtered and washed with acetone (40ml). After drying 20g (70.6%) product was obtained. The HPLC purity of the product is more than 99%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95.4% | With lipase Novozym 435; hydrogen; In toluene; at 60℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 20h;Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | 1000 mL of an autoclave was charged 500 mL of toluene as a solvent, followed by the addition of 85.5 g of 1-naphthylethylamine, 106.7 g of D-(-)-O-acetylmandelic acid, 5g lipase novozym 435 with 7g KT-02, after joining, after the autoclave was sealed, the inside of the autoclave was replaced with nitrogen, Then, hydrogen was introduced into the autoclave at a pressure of 1.0 MPa, stirring was started, and the temperature was raised to 60 C. After 20 hours, sampling detection, 1-naphthylethylamine was completely converted to (R)-(N-(1-naphthyl) ethyl)acetamide, and the product ee value of 99%; After completion of the reaction, the solution was concentrated and then subjected to column chromatography using a mixed solvent of n-hexane and ethanol in a volume ratio of 10: 1 to give pure (R)-(N-(1-naphthyl)ethyl)acetamide 101.6 g, the yield was 95.4%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89.6% | With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1,2-dichloro-ethane; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 0 - 25℃; for 12h; | General procedure: Diisopropylethylamine (3 mol eq) was added to a solution of 5-((9H-carbazol-4yl)oxy)pentanoic acid 3 (2 g, 7 mmol) 1.0 mol eq EDC (2.0 g, 10.60 mmol), HOBt (1.0 g. 7.7 mmol) and DMF (10 mL) at 0-5C followed by the corresponding amine (7 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 20-25 C for 12 h. Completion of the reaction was conrmed by checking TLC (mobile phase 1: 1 ethyl acetate/hexane). Then, the reaction mixture was poured into the ice-cold water, the obtained solid was filtered, washed with hexane and dried under vacuum at 50 C. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
74% | To a solution of glutaric anhydride (4.600 g, 40mmol) in toluene (100 mL), kept under nitrogen atmosphere, was added dropwise a solution of 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (6.42 mL, 40 mmol) in toluene (20 mL). The solution was heated and allowed to reflux for 8 h. After the solution was cooled to room temperature, evaporation of the solvent gave an oil which was dissolved in CHCl3 (200 mL). The organic solution was washed with 1 M HCl (2 × 500 mL) and then dried over MgSO4. After filtration and evaporation of the solvent, the yellow oil was transferred into a flask equipped with a condenser and dissolved in acetyl chloride (15 mL). The solution was refluxed for 8 h, and then the excess of acetyl chloride was removed by distillation. The crude was dissolved in CHCl3 (100 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (aq) (50 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CHCl3 (2 × 50 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4. After filtration and evaporation of the solvent, Flash chromotography (5:1 hexanes:ethyl acetate) gave S5 (7.90 g, 74%) as a white solid. (119 C - 120 C). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta 7.89 -7.72 (m, 4 H), 7.53-7.42 (m, 3H), 6.61 (q, J = 7.2Hz, 1H), 2.64-2.48 (m, 4H), 1.91 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.78 (pentet, J = 6.6 Hz,2H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) delta 172.5, 135.1, 133.7, 131.5, 129.1, 128.2, 127.4, 126.3, 125.2, 124.9,122.8, 47.3, 47.3, 33.7, 17.1, 16.9; IR (neat) 3050, 2965, 2951, 2907, 1723, 1662, 1341, 1313, 1235, 1207cm-1; LRMS (ESI) Calcd. for C17H18NO2 [M+H]+: 268.1; found: 268.2. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B; In toluene; at 40℃; | General procedure: Unless otherwise indicated, in a typical resolution of (R,S)-NEA byCALB (Scheme 1), reactions were carried out in a 10 mL flask with astopper; 200 mmol/L(R,S)-NEA and 120 mmol/Lvinyl acetate wereadded to 5 mL IL (or 5 mL toluene). The reaction was catalyzed in thepresence of 100 mg CALB at 40 C with shaking at 180 rpm. The wateractivities of substrates, solvents and enzyme were not specially controlled.The pH of CALB was also not specially controlled. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B; In toluene; at 40℃; | General procedure: Unless otherwise indicated, in a typical resolution of (R,S)-NEA byCALB (Scheme 1), reactions were carried out in a 10 mL flask with astopper; 200 mmol/L(R,S)-NEA and 120 mmol/Lvinyl acetate wereadded to 5 mL IL (or 5 mL toluene). The reaction was catalyzed in thepresence of 100 mg CALB at 40 C with shaking at 180 rpm. The wateractivities of substrates, solvents and enzyme were not specially controlled.The pH of CALB was also not specially controlled. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B; In toluene; at 40℃; | General procedure: Unless otherwise indicated, in a typical resolution of (R,S)-NEA byCALB (Scheme 1), reactions were carried out in a 10 mL flask with astopper; 200 mmol/L(R,S)-NEA and 120 mmol/Lvinyl acetate wereadded to 5 mL IL (or 5 mL toluene). The reaction was catalyzed in thepresence of 100 mg CALB at 40 C with shaking at 180 rpm. The wateractivities of substrates, solvents and enzyme were not specially controlled.The pH of CALB was also not specially controlled. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B; In toluene; at 40℃; | General procedure: Unless otherwise indicated, in a typical resolution of (R,S)-NEA byCALB (Scheme 1), reactions were carried out in a 10 mL flask with astopper; 200 mmol/L(R,S)-NEA and 120 mmol/Lvinyl acetate wereadded to 5 mL IL (or 5 mL toluene). The reaction was catalyzed in thepresence of 100 mg CALB at 40 C with shaking at 180 rpm. The wateractivities of substrates, solvents and enzyme were not specially controlled.The pH of CALB was also not specially controlled. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With Candida antarctica lipase B; In toluene; at 40℃; | General procedure: Unless otherwise indicated, in a typical resolution of (R,S)-NEA byCALB (Scheme 1), reactions were carried out in a 10 mL flask with astopper; 200 mmol/L(R,S)-NEA and 120 mmol/Lvinyl acetate wereadded to 5 mL IL (or 5 mL toluene). The reaction was catalyzed in thepresence of 100 mg CALB at 40 C with shaking at 180 rpm. The wateractivities of substrates, solvents and enzyme were not specially controlled.The pH of CALB was also not specially controlled. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87.3% | In ethanol;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | General procedure: The appropriate amine derivative was dissolved in the appropriate solvent (ethanol or pyridine) after which CS2 was added. The mixture was refluxed overnight under N2. Next, the solution was concentrated by evaporating the solvent and then cooled to give aprecipitate. The precipitated product was isolated by vacuum filtration. The crude N,N'-bis-thiourea was purified by recrystallizationfrom ethanol. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: Peptoids were synthesized manually on a Rink amide resin using a submonomer approach such as described by Zuckermann et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 10646-10647]. All peptoid oligomers were synthesized at room temperature. Typically, 100 mg of resin was swollen in dichloromethane (DCM) for 40 minutes before initiating oligomer synthesis. Multiple washing steps using dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed between each step described below. De-protection of resin was performed by addition of 20 % piperidine solution (1.5 ml in DMF) and the reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, piperidine was washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 minute). Bromoacetylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents of bromoacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, the bromoacetylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 20 equivalents of submonomer amine (1.0 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) were added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min).This two-step addition cycle was modified as follows:To introduce piperazine scaffolds, initially, chloroacylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents chloroacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to agitate at room temperature for 35 minutes. Following the reaction, the chloroacylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 15 equivalents of piperazine (105 mg, 1.23 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) was added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 45 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min). Bromoacylations or chloroacylation and amine displacement steps were repeated until the desired peptoids were obtained. To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for analysis, approximately 5 mg of resin was treated with 95 % TFA in water (40 ml per gram resin) for 10 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under nitrogen gas and the peptoid oligomers were re-suspended in 0.5 ml HPLC solvent (1:1 HPLC grade acetonitrile: HPLC grade water). To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for preparative HPLC, the beads were treated with 5 ml of 95 % TFA in water for 30 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under low pressure, re-suspended in 2 ml HPLC solvent and lyophilized overnight. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: Peptoids were synthesized manually on a Rink amide resin using a submonomer approach such as described by Zuckermann et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 10646-10647]. All peptoid oligomers were synthesized at room temperature. Typically, 100 mg of resin was swollen in dichloromethane (DCM) for 40 minutes before initiating oligomer synthesis. Multiple washing steps using dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed between each step described below. De-protection of resin was performed by addition of 20 % piperidine solution (1.5 ml in DMF) and the reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, piperidine was washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 minute). Bromoacetylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents of bromoacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, the bromoacetylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 20 equivalents of submonomer amine (1.0 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) were added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min).This two-step addition cycle was modified as follows:To introduce piperazine scaffolds, initially, chloroacylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents chloroacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to agitate at room temperature for 35 minutes. Following the reaction, the chloroacylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 15 equivalents of piperazine (105 mg, 1.23 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) was added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 45 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min). Bromoacylations or chloroacylation and amine displacement steps were repeated until the desired peptoids were obtained. To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for analysis, approximately 5 mg of resin was treated with 95 % TFA in water (40 ml per gram resin) for 10 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under nitrogen gas and the peptoid oligomers were re-suspended in 0.5 ml HPLC solvent (1:1 HPLC grade acetonitrile: HPLC grade water). To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for preparative HPLC, the beads were treated with 5 ml of 95 % TFA in water for 30 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under low pressure, re-suspended in 2 ml HPLC solvent and lyophilized overnight. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: Peptoids were synthesized manually on a Rink amide resin using a submonomer approach such as described by Zuckermann et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 10646-10647]. All peptoid oligomers were synthesized at room temperature. Typically, 100 mg of resin was swollen in dichloromethane (DCM) for 40 minutes before initiating oligomer synthesis. Multiple washing steps using dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed between each step described below. De-protection of resin was performed by addition of 20 % piperidine solution (1.5 ml in DMF) and the reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, piperidine was washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 minute). Bromoacetylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents of bromoacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, the bromoacetylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 20 equivalents of submonomer amine (1.0 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) were added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min).This two-step addition cycle was modified as follows:To introduce piperazine scaffolds, initially, chloroacylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents chloroacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to agitate at room temperature for 35 minutes. Following the reaction, the chloroacylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 15 equivalents of piperazine (105 mg, 1.23 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) was added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 45 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min). Bromoacylations or chloroacylation and amine displacement steps were repeated until the desired peptoids were obtained. To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for analysis, approximately 5 mg of resin was treated with 95 % TFA in water (40 ml per gram resin) for 10 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under nitrogen gas and the peptoid oligomers were re-suspended in 0.5 ml HPLC solvent (1:1 HPLC grade acetonitrile: HPLC grade water). To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for preparative HPLC, the beads were treated with 5 ml of 95 % TFA in water for 30 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under low pressure, re-suspended in 2 ml HPLC solvent and lyophilized overnight. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: Peptoids were synthesized manually on a Rink amide resin using a submonomer approach such as described by Zuckermann et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 10646-10647]. All peptoid oligomers were synthesized at room temperature. Typically, 100 mg of resin was swollen in dichloromethane (DCM) for 40 minutes before initiating oligomer synthesis. Multiple washing steps using dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed between each step described below. De-protection of resin was performed by addition of 20 % piperidine solution (1.5 ml in DMF) and the reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, piperidine was washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 minute). Bromoacetylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents of bromoacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, the bromoacetylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 20 equivalents of submonomer amine (1.0 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) were added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min).This two-step addition cycle was modified as follows:To introduce piperazine scaffolds, initially, chloroacylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents chloroacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to agitate at room temperature for 35 minutes. Following the reaction, the chloroacylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 15 equivalents of piperazine (105 mg, 1.23 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) was added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 45 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min). Bromoacylations or chloroacylation and amine displacement steps were repeated until the desired peptoids were obtained. To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for analysis, approximately 5 mg of resin was treated with 95 % TFA in water (40 ml per gram resin) for 10 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under nitrogen gas and the peptoid oligomers were re-suspended in 0.5 ml HPLC solvent (1:1 HPLC grade acetonitrile: HPLC grade water). To cleave the peptoid oligomers from solid support for preparative HPLC, the beads were treated with 5 ml of 95 % TFA in water for 30 minutes. The cleavage cocktail was evaporated under low pressure, re-suspended in 2 ml HPLC solvent and lyophilized overnight. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: Peptoids were synthesized manually on a Rink amide resin using a submonomer approach such as described by Zuckermann et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 10646-10647]. All peptoid oligomers were synthesized at room temperature. Typically, 100 mg of resin was swollen in dichloromethane (DCM) for 40 minutes before initiating oligomer synthesis. Multiple washing steps using dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed between each step described below. De-protection of resin was performed by addition of 20 % piperidine solution (1.5 ml in DMF) and the reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, piperidine was washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 minute). Bromoacetylation was completed by adding 20 equivalents of bromoacetic acid (1.2 M in DMF, 8.5 ml per gram resin) and 24 equivalents of diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 ml per gram resin); this reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes. Following the reaction, the bromoacetylation reagents were washed from the resin using DMF (10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min) and 20 equivalents of submonomer amine (1.0 M in DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) were added. The amine displacement reaction was allowed to shake at room temperature for 20 minutes and was followed by multiple washing steps (DMF, 10 ml per gram resin) (3 x 1 min). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With 3% Pd nanoparticles supported on the external surface of the ethylenediamine functionalized MIL-101; cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Candida antarctica lipase B; In toluene; at 70℃; under 37.5038 Torr; for 2h;Microwave irradiation; Inert atmosphere; Enzymatic reaction; | General procedure: Microwave-assistedDKR was carried out in a closed glass tube by using a commerciallyavailable microwave synthesis equipment (MAS-1 SINEO). In a typicalexperiment, the one-pot microwave-assisted DKR of racemic1-phenylethylamine was performed in a closed glass tube, whichcontaining 3%-PdED-MIL-101 (2.1 mg of Pd), CALB-CLEAs (150 mg), rac1phenylethylamine (0.33 mmol), ethyl methoxyacetate (0.66 mmol), and dry toluene (2 mL). The reaction mixturewas flushed with a 5% H2/Ar flow before vial was closed, and thepressure inside vial was maintained at normal atmospheric pressure.The reaction temperature was controlled by a continuousfocused microwave power delivery system with power from 0 to200W and a microwave frequency source of 2450 MHz. All productswere purified by thin layer chromatography and their 1Hand 13C NMR spectra were recorded at 400 and 101 MHz,respectively. |
Tags: 42882-31-5 synthesis path| 42882-31-5 SDS| 42882-31-5 COA| 42882-31-5 purity| 42882-31-5 application| 42882-31-5 NMR| 42882-31-5 COA| 42882-31-5 structure
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P307 | IF exposed: |
P308 | IF exposed or concerned: |
P309 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: |
P310 | Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P311 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P312 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P313 | Get medical advice/attention. |
P314 | Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. |
P315 | Get immediate medical advice/attention. |
P320 | |
P302 + P352 | IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P321 | |
P322 | |
P330 | Rinse mouth. |
P331 | Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P332 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: |
P333 | If skin irritation or rash occurs: |
P334 | Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages. |
P335 | Brush off loose particles from skin. |
P336 | Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area. |
P337 | If eye irritation persists: |
P338 | Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P340 | Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P341 | If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P342 | If experiencing respiratory symptoms: |
P350 | Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P351 | Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. |
P352 | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P353 | Rinse skin with water/shower. |
P360 | Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P361 | Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. |
P362 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. |
P363 | Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. |
P370 | In case of fire: |
P371 | In case of major fire and large quantities: |
P372 | Explosion risk in case of fire. |
P373 | DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives. |
P374 | Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance. |
P376 | Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1 |
P377 | Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. |
P378 | |
P380 | Evacuate area. |
P381 | Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. |
P390 | Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. |
P391 | Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
P301 + P310 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P301 + P312 | IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. |
P301 + P330 + P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P302 + P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P302 + P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P303 + P361 + P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
P304 + P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P304 + P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P304 + P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P305 + P351 + P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P306 + P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P307 + P311 | IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P308 + P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
P309 + P311 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P332 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P333 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P335 + P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P337 + P313 | IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
P342 + P311 | IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P370 + P376 | In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
P370 + P380 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. |
P370 + P380 + P375 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
P371 + P380 + P375 | In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
Storage | |
Code | Phrase |
P401 | |
P402 | Store in a dry place. |
P403 | Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P404 | Store in a closed container. |
P405 | Store locked up. |
P406 | Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner. |
P407 | Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets. |
P410 | Protect from sunlight. |
P411 | |
P412 | Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF. |
P413 | |
P420 | Store away from other materials. |
P422 | |
P402 + P404 | Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container. |
P403 + P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
P403 + P235 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
P410 + P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P410 + P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
P411 + P235 | Keep cool. |
Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
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