The UCP (Uncoupling Protein) family is a group of proteins located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, including members such as UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3. They consist of multiple transmembrane domains and are primarily located in the mitochondria of muscles, adipose tissue, and other energy-intensive tissues. The UCP family is involved in regulating energy metabolism, thermogenesis, and antioxidant stress by reducing the proton gradient, lowering ATP synthesis efficiency, and increasing energy expenditure. The expression of UCP family members is specific in different tissues and cells, and their gene mutations or expression abnormalities are associated with various diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.