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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
Valproic acid is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with IC50 of 10 μM in Hela cell with anticancer effect. It can be used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
Synonyms: Dipropylacetic Acid; NSC 93819; Stavzor
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Mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU) variants form plasma-membrane channels
Polina, Iuliia ; Mishra, Jyotsna ; Cypress, Michael W ; Landherr, Maria ; Valkov, Nedyalka ; Chaput, Isabel , et al.
Abstract: MCU is widely recognized as a responsible gene for encoding a pore-forming subunit of highly mitochondrial-specific and Ca 2+ -selective channel, mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter complex (mtCUC). Here, we report a novel short variant derived from the MCU gene (termed MCU-S) which lacks mitochondria-targeted sequence and forms a Ca 2+ - permeable channel outside of mitochondria. MCU-S was ubiquitously expressed in all cell-types/tissues, with particularly high expression in human platelets. MCU-S formed Ca 2+ channels at the plasma membrane, which exhibited similar channel properties to those observed in mtCUC. MCU-S channels at the plasma membrane served as an additional Ca 2+ influx pathway for platelet activation. Our finding is completely distinct from the originally reported MCU gene function and provides novel insights into the molecular basis of MCU variant-dependent cellular Ca 2+ handling.
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CAS No. : | 99-66-1 |
Formula : | C8H16O2 |
M.W : | 144.21 |
SMILES Code : | CCCC(CCC)C(O)=O |
Synonyms : |
Dipropylacetic Acid; NSC 93819; Stavzor
|
MDL No. : | MFCD00002672 |
InChI Key : | NIJJYAXOARWZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 3121 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Danger |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H318-H360-H402 |
Precautionary Statements: | P201-P202-P264-P270-P273-P280-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338+P310-P308+P313-P332+P313-P405-P501 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89.8% | With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 20h; | A mixture of 2-propylpentanoic acid (valproic acid, 4.32 g, 30 mmole), N- carbobenzyloxy-L-threonine benzyl ester (Z-Thr-OBzl, 10.30 g, 30 mmole), EDC (5.74 g, 30 mmole), and DMAP (366 mg, 3.0 mmole) in anhydrous dichloromethane (30 mL) was stirred under an argon atmosphere at room temperature for 20 hours. After 20 hours, the dichloromethane was washed with water (3x30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate (5 g), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The remaining colorless oil (13.44 g) was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100 g, 0.035-0. 070 mm, 6 nm pore diameter), eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate (4: 1). After concentration of the product containing fractions under reduced pressure and drying under high vacuum until the weight was constant, the experiment produced the protected L-threonine-valproate ester SPIC00301 (12.65 g, 89.8% yield) as a colorless oil. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) : 8 = 7.40-7. 05 (11H, m), 5.45 (1H, m), 5.17-5. 02 (4H, m), 4.53 (1H, d, J= 9.6 Hz), 2.24 (1H, m), 1.58-1. 40 (2H, m), 1.40-1. 15 (9H, m), 0.86 (6H, m). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO): 8 = 174. 24,169. 29,156. 48, 136.61, 135.34, 128.26, 128.20, 127.74, 127.67, 127.58, 69.04, 66.33, 65.78, 57.62, 44.50, 33.89, 33.80, 20.03, 19. 91, 16.40, 13.87. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1.5 eq of commercially available Fmoc-NH-OH and DIEA (10 eq) are added to the 2-chlorotrityl resin in 2 mL DCM. The mixture is intermittently stirred manually during 24h. After that, 0.5 mL/g of MeOH are added to the reaction mixture to cap the remaining reactive points of the resin. After 15 minutes, the solution is filtered off and the resin is washed thoroughly with DCM, DMF and MeOH. Fmoc removal is achieved by treating the resin with 20% piperidine in DMF (1 x 5', 1 x 10' and 1 x 15'). For the coupling of Na-Fmoc-NY-alloc-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Fmoc-L-Dab(alloc)-OH), 3 eq of the amino acid, 3 eq of the coupling agent DIC and 3 eq of the additive oxymaO pure and dissolved in a small amount of DMF and premixed for 2 minutes. The resulting mixture is added to the resin and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 60 minutes. To extent of the reaction is monitored using the Kaiser test. The Fmoc group is then removed by treatments with 20% piperidine in DMF (1 x 5', 1 x 10' and 1 x 15'). After that, <strong>[138775-22-1]Fmoc-N-methyl-L-isoleucine</strong> (Fmoc-NMe-L-Ile-OH) moiety is attached, for that purpose 3 eq of the amino acid, 3 eq of the coupling agent DIC and 3 eq of oxyma pure are dissolved in a small amount of DMF and premixed for 2 minutes. The resulting mixture is added to the resin and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 60 minutes. The extent of the reaction is monitored using the Kaiser test. The Fmoc group is then removed by treatments with 20% piperidine in DMF (1 x 5 ', 1 x 10' and 1 x 15'). After that, Fmoc-L-Proline (Fmoc-L-Pro-OH) moiety is attached, for that purpose 3 eq of the amino acid, 3 eq of the coupling agent DIC and 3 eq of oxyma pure aredissolved in a small amount of DMF and premixed for 2 minutes. The resulting the mixture is added to the resin and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 60 minutes. The extent of the reaction is monitored using the Kaiser test. The Fmoc group is then removed by treatments with 20% piperidine in DMF (1 x 5', 1 x 10' and 1 x 15') and additional treatment with a mixture of piperidine/DBU/toluene/DMF (5:5 :20:70) (1 x 5'). 2-propyl pentanoic acid is coupled to the proline moiety by adding to the resin 3 eq of the acid, 3 eq of the coupling agent DIC and 3 eq of oxyma pure are dissolved in a small amount of DMF and premixed for 2 minutes. The resulting the mixture is added to the resin and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 60 minutes. Then the reaction is filtered off and the resin is rinsed thoroughly with DMF and DCM. The extent of the reaction is monitored using the chloranil test. For the removal of the Alloc group, 10 eq of phenylsilane in DCM are added to the resin while N2 is bubbled through the mixture. Then, 0.1 eq of Pd(PPh3)4 are added maintaining the N2 bubbling while mixing everything well. Then the reaction vessel is sealed and shaken for 15 minutes. After this time, the reaction is filtered and the resin washed thoroughly. The same treatment is repeated two more times. After the last treatment, the resin is washed thoroughly with DCM, MeOH and DMF. For the coupling of the 3,5-difluorobenzoic acid on the side chain of the diaminoethyl moiety, 3 eq of said acid, 3 eq of the coupling agent DIC and 3 eq of oxyma pure are dissolved in a small amount of DMF and premixed for 2 minutes. The resulting mixture is added to the resin and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 60 minutes. After this time, the resin is washed with DMF and DCM and the extent of the reaction is monitored the Kaiser test. For the cleavage of the peptide, the resin is washed several times with DCM and dried by suction. The peptide is cleaved from the resin by adding a solution of DCM/TFA (95:5), the mixture is allowed to react for 15 min. Then the reaction mixture is filtered and the resin rinsed with DCM. This cleavage procedure is repeated twice. All the filtrates are pooled and the solvent is evaporated under vacuum, yielding example8. The compound is purified using reverse-phase chromatography |
Tags: Valproic acid | Dipropylacetic Acid | Organoid | HDAC | Histone deacetylases | Mitochondrial Autophagy | Notch1 | SCLC | epilepsy | bipolar disorder | small cell lung cancer | anticancer | anticonvulsant | hepatic fat accumulation | cancer research | GABA | neuroprotective | gamma-aminobutyric acid | 99-66-1
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