Structure of 174063-87-7
*Storage:
*Shipping:
4.5
*For Research Use Only !
Change View
Size | Price | US Stock | Global Stock | In Stock |
100mg | łÇʶÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry | |
250mg | łÇ˶ÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry | |
1g | łÇÿ¶ÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry | |
5g | łÇó¶ÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry | |
10g | łË˶ÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry | |
25g | ł§Ê¶ÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry | |
100g | łÇÇî¶ÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry | |
500g | łÿîͶÊÊ | Inquiry | Inquiry |
US Stock: ship in 0-1 business day
Global Stock: ship in 5-7 days
łÇʶÊÊ
łÇ˶ÊÊ
łÇÿ¶ÊÊ
łÇó¶ÊÊ
łË˶ÊÊ
ł§Ê¶ÊÊ
łÇÇî¶ÊÊ
łÿîͶÊÊ
In Stock
- +
US Stock: ship in 0-1 business day
Global Stock: ship in 2 weeks
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Coaxial Direct Ink Writing of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomers in 3D Architectures
Ng, Alicia ; Telles, Rodrigo ; Riley, Katherine S ; Lewis, Jennifer A ; Cook, Caitlyn C ; Lee, Elaine , et al.
Abstract: Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) hold great promise for mechanochromic applications in anti-counterfeiting, smart textiles, and soft robotics, thanks to the structural color and elasticity. While CLCEs are printed via direct ink writing (DIW) to fabricate free-standing films, complex 3D structures are not fabricated due to the opposing rheological properties necessary for cholesteric alignment and multilayer stacking. Here, 3D CLCE structures are realized by utilizing coaxial DIW to print a CLC ink within a silicone ink. By tailoring the ink compositions, and thus, the rheological properties, the cholesteric phase rapidly forms without an annealing step, while the silicone shell provides encapsulation and support to the CLCE core, allowing for layer-by-layer printing of self-supported 3D structures. As a demonstration, free-standing bistable thin-shell domes are printed. Color changes due to compressive and tensile stresses can be witnessed from the top and bottom of the inverted domes, respectively. When the domes are arranged in an array and inverted, they can snap back to their base state by uniaxial stretching, thereby functioning as mechanical sensors with memory. The additive manufacturing platform enables the rapid fabrication of 3D mechanochromic sensors thereby expanding the realm of potential applications for CLCEs.
Show More >
Keywords: 3D architectures ; cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers ; core-shell ; direct ink writing ; mechanochromic ; passive sensing
Show More >
Purchased from AmBeed: 174063-87-7 ; 40817-08-1
Show More >
Active‐Textile Yarns and Embroidery Enabled by Wet‐Spun Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Filaments
Antonio Proctor Martinez ; Alicia Ng ; So Hee Nah ; Shu Yang ;
Abstract: Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are promising candidates for creating adaptive textile-based devices that can actively and reversibly respond to the environment for sensing and communication. Despite recent advances in scalable manufacturing of LCE filaments for textile engineering, the actuation modes of various LCE filaments focus on contractual deformations. In this study, manufacture of polydomain LCE filaments with potential scalability by wet-spinning is studied, followed by mechanical exploitation to program liquid crystal mesogen alignments, demonstrating both contractual and twisting actuation profiles. By plying these LCE filaments into yarns with different twist concentrations, yarn actuation, and mechanical performance is tuned. Yarns plied at 4 twists per cm can generate up to a seven-fold increase in elastic modulus while maintaining 90% of actuation strain performance from their native filament. The contractual and twisting LCE filaments are then embroidered with varying stitch types to spatially program complex 2D-to-3D transformations in “inactive” fabrics. It is shown that a running stitch can actuate up to 15% in strain and create angular displacements in fabric with twisted mesogen alignments. It is envisioned that the wet-spun polydomain LCE filaments for diverse plied yarn production together with textile engineering will open new opportunities to design smart textiles and soft robotics.
Show More >
Purchased from AmBeed: 174063-87-7 ; 40817-08-1
Show More >
Li, Shangsong ; Yu, Kun‐Hao ; Garcia, Isabel ; Nah, So Hee ; Chui, Hiu Ning Tiffany ; Tian, Ziting , et al.
Abstract: Direct ink writing (DIW) of core-shell structures allows for patterning hollow or composite structures for shape morphing and color displays. Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) with liquid crystal mesogens assembled in a helix superstructure are attractive for generating tunable iridescent structural colors. Here, by fine-tuning the rheology of the core and shell materials, respectively, this study creates droplets or a continuous filament in the core from the precursors of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or poly(vinyl alcohol), whereas CLCE forms the outer shell. By introducing a dye in the droplets, the skin structures of cephalopods, consisting of chromatophores and iridocytes, are mimicked for enhanced color saturation, lightness, and camouflage. After removal of the core material, a CLCE hollow fiber is obtained, which can switch colors upon mechanical stretching and pneumatic actuation, much like papilla along with iridocytes. Further, liquid crystal mesogens assembled in the bulk of the fiber are in polydomain. Thus, the skin appears opalescent at room temperature, much like how leucophores enhance reflectins. Upon heating above the nematic to isotropic transition temperature, the skin becomes transparent. Lastly, a cephalopod model is constructed, where different parts of the model can change colors independently based on different mechanisms.
Show More >
Keywords: camouflage ; cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer ; core-shell fiber ; direct ink writing ; structural colors
Show More >
Purchased from AmBeed: 174063-87-7 ; 40817-08-1
Show More >
Zachmann, Isaac ; Zhang, Qirui ; Svanidze, Anastasiia ; Ji, Lianhua ; Mao, Chongchang ;
Abstract: Phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators are used in a variety of applications. Despite their wide use, current phaseonly LCoS devices are hindered by their single-polarization modulation. We propose a polarization independent LCoS device which uses a polymer quarterwave plate (QWP) for polarization conversion. We designed a custom pixel circuit which enables high driving voltage and high pixel grayscale by utilizing an analog driving frame buffer pixel circuit. Our pixel circuit is optimized for small pixel size and the silicon backplanes can be fabricated at a traditional foundry. We demonstrate polarization independent phase modulation through optical beam steering tests for various input polarizations. Our fabricated device lays the foundation for commercial LCoS devices highly suitable for wavelength selective switches, holographic display, wavefront correction, and optical beam shaping.
Show More >
Purchased from AmBeed: 174063-87-7
Show More >
Stable Non-equilibrium Structures in Chiral Nematics under Microfluidic Flow
Emeršič, Tadej ; Bagchi, Kushal ; Fitz, Sullivan ; Jensen, Aiden ; Nealey, Paul F ; de Pablo, Juan J
Abstract: Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are compelling responsive materials with applications in next-generation sensing, imaging, and display technologies. While electric fields and surface treatments have been used to manipulate the molecular organization and, subsequently, the optical properties of CLCs, their response to controlled fluid flow has remained largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the influence of microfluidic flow on the structure of thermotropic CLCs that can exhibit structural coloration. We demonstrate that the shear forces that arise from microfluidic flow align the helical axis of CLCs; alignment is a prerequisite for harnessing the promising photonic properties of CLCs. Moreover, we show that microfluidic flow can generate non_x005f_x0002_equilibrium structures exhibiting photonic band gaps that are inaccessible in the stationary cholesteric phase. Our findings have implications for the use of CLCs in applications involving flow processing such as additive manufacturing.
Show More >
Purchased from AmBeed: 82200-53-1 ; 174063-87-7
Show More >
CAS No. : | 174063-87-7 |
Formula : | C33H32O10 |
M.W : | 588.60 |
SMILES Code : | CC1=CC(OC(C2=CC=C(OCCCOC(C=C)=O)C=C2)=O)=CC=C1OC(C3=CC=C(OCCCOC(C=C)=O)C=C3)=O |
MDL No. : | MFCD09743681 |
InChI Key : | ISSYGWIDLYOJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 20807398 |
GHS Pictogram: | ![]() |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 43 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 18 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.21 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 20 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 10.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 156.88 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from | 123.66 Ų |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from | 5.11 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by | 6.72 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from | 5.43 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from | 3.91 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by | 6.93 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions | 5.62 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from | -6.71 |
Solubility | 0.000114 mg/ml ; 0.000000194 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale | Poorly soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from | -9.12 |
Solubility | 0.000000445 mg/ml ; 0.0000000008 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale | Poorly soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by | -9.09 |
Solubility | 0.000000478 mg/ml ; 0.0000000008 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale | Poorly soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg | Low |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg | No |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) | Yes |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) | No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) | Yes |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) | Yes |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from | -5.12 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from | 1.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from | None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from | 1.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from | 0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from | 2.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat | 0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from | 0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from | 3.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from | No; 1 violation:MW<3.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) | 3.92 |
Tags: 174063-87-7 synthesis path| 174063-87-7 SDS| 174063-87-7 COA| 174063-87-7 purity| 174063-87-7 application| 174063-87-7 NMR| 174063-87-7 COA| 174063-87-7 structure
Precautionary Statements-General | |
Code | Phrase |
P101 | If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand. |
P102 | Keep out of reach of children. |
P103 | Read label before use |
Prevention | |
Code | Phrase |
P201 | Obtain special instructions before use. |
P202 | Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. |
P210 | Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. |
P211 | Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source. |
P220 | Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials. |
P221 | Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles |
P222 | Do not allow contact with air. |
P223 | Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. |
P230 | Keep wetted |
P231 | Handle under inert gas. |
P232 | Protect from moisture. |
P233 | Keep container tightly closed. |
P234 | Keep only in original container. |
P235 | Keep cool |
P240 | Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. |
P241 | Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment. |
P242 | Use only non-sparking tools. |
P243 | Take precautionary measures against static discharge. |
P244 | Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil. |
P250 | Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction. |
P251 | Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use. |
P260 | Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. |
P261 | Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. |
P262 | Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. |
P263 | Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing. |
P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling. |
P265 | Wash skin thouroughly after handling. |
P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. |
P272 | Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. |
P273 | Avoid release to the environment. |
P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
P281 | Use personal protective equipment as required. |
P282 | Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection. |
P283 | Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing. |
P284 | Wear respiratory protection. |
P285 | In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. |
P231 + P232 | Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture. |
P235 + P410 | Keep cool. Protect from sunlight. |
Response | |
Code | Phrase |
P301 | IF SWALLOWED: |
P304 | IF INHALED: |
P305 | IF IN EYES: |
P306 | IF ON CLOTHING: |
P307 | IF exposed: |
P308 | IF exposed or concerned: |
P309 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: |
P310 | Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P311 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P312 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P313 | Get medical advice/attention. |
P314 | Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. |
P315 | Get immediate medical advice/attention. |
P320 | |
P302 + P352 | IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P321 | |
P322 | |
P330 | Rinse mouth. |
P331 | Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P332 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: |
P333 | If skin irritation or rash occurs: |
P334 | Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages. |
P335 | Brush off loose particles from skin. |
P336 | Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area. |
P337 | If eye irritation persists: |
P338 | Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P340 | Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P341 | If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P342 | If experiencing respiratory symptoms: |
P350 | Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P351 | Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. |
P352 | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P353 | Rinse skin with water/shower. |
P360 | Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P361 | Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. |
P362 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. |
P363 | Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. |
P370 | In case of fire: |
P371 | In case of major fire and large quantities: |
P372 | Explosion risk in case of fire. |
P373 | DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives. |
P374 | Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance. |
P376 | Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1 |
P377 | Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. |
P378 | |
P380 | Evacuate area. |
P381 | Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. |
P390 | Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. |
P391 | Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
P301 + P310 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P301 + P312 | IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. |
P301 + P330 + P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P302 + P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P302 + P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P303 + P361 + P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
P304 + P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P304 + P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P304 + P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P305 + P351 + P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P306 + P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P307 + P311 | IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P308 + P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
P309 + P311 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P332 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P333 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P335 + P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P337 + P313 | IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
P342 + P311 | IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P370 + P376 | In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
P370 + P380 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. |
P370 + P380 + P375 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
P371 + P380 + P375 | In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
Storage | |
Code | Phrase |
P401 | |
P402 | Store in a dry place. |
P403 | Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P404 | Store in a closed container. |
P405 | Store locked up. |
P406 | Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner. |
P407 | Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets. |
P410 | Protect from sunlight. |
P411 | |
P412 | Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF. |
P413 | |
P420 | Store away from other materials. |
P422 | |
P402 + P404 | Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container. |
P403 + P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
P403 + P235 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
P410 + P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P410 + P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
P411 + P235 | Keep cool. |
Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
Home
* Country/Region
* Quantity Required :
* Cat. No.:
* CAS No :
* Product Name :
* Additional Information :
Total Compounds: mg
The concentration of the dissolution solution you need to prepare is mg/mL