Preparation of Adams' Catalyst and the Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Cholesterol

Unsaturated groups like alkenes, alkynes, nitriles, as well as nitro and carbonyl groups, can often be conveniently hydrogenated by agitating a solution of the compound in an unreactive solvent with hydrogen while using a finely divided catalyst made from a transition metal. The order of catalyst activity in hydrogenation is Ru, Ni, Pt, Rh, Pd; however, palladium catalysts might induce hydrogen migration within the molecule, so they are not suitable if precise deuteration at a specific site is required. The rate of heterogeneous hydrogenation is influenced by the extent of substitution of the unsaturated part, and alkenes with four substituents resist hydrogenation effectively. The catalyst employed in this procedure is platinum(IV) oxide monohydrate, commonly referred to as Adams' catalyst.

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