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Chemical Structure| 91-47-4 Chemical Structure| 91-47-4

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Chemical Structure| 91-47-4

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Product Details of [ 91-47-4 ]

CAS No. :91-47-4
Formula : C15H12O2
M.W : 224.26
SMILES Code : O=C(O)/C(C1=CC=CC=C1)=C/C2=CC=CC=C2
MDL No. :MFCD00066589

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Application In Synthesis of [ 91-47-4 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Upstream synthesis route of [ 91-47-4 ]

[ 91-47-4 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream   1~2

  • 1
  • [ 91-47-4 ]
  • [ 3333-15-1 ]
  • [ 17040-62-9 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
75 % ee With cinchonidine; 5% Pd/CNT; hydrogen; benzylamine In 1,4-dioxane; water General procedure: Hydrogenation was carried out in a magnetically stirred autoclave in 1,4-dioxane containing 2.5percent (v/v) of water under an atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at room temperature. The catalyst (20mg) was pre-treated in a H2 flow at 375°C for 30min. After cooling down and transferred to the autoclave, the catalyst was pre-treated with modifier CD (0.02mmol) in 4mL solvent for an additional 30min. Then, certain amount of substrate and BA, as an effective additive, in 2mL solvent were added to the mixture. After adjusting the hydrogen pressure to the desired H2 pressure, the stirring was started. For substrates 1–4, the mixture after reaction was first neutralized with a diluted HCl solution, extracted with ethyl ether and analyzed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, Bruker DRX 400MHz type spectrometer) for conversion and a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, 6890 Agilent Co.) equipped with a chiral column (Daicel Chiralcel OJ-H) for enantiomeric excess (ee). For substrates 5 and 6, the mixture after reaction was first neutralized with a diluted HCl solution. Then, the catalyst and liquid were separated by centrifugation. After passing the liquid phase through a short silica column and drying, the conversion and enantioselectivity of 5 or 6 were determined on a gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890, 30m×0.32mm×0.25μm HP19091G-B213 capillary column).
80 % ee With hydrogen; benzylamine In 1,4-dioxane; water at 22.84℃; General procedure: The substrate α-phenylcinnamic acid (PCA, Aldrich; 98 percent) was purified by crystallization from acetone solution. p,p'-Dimethoxyphenylcinnamic acid (DMPCA) was synthesized from p-anisaldehyde and p-methoxyphenylacetic acid by the Perkin reaction and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as reported previously [34]. Solvents (Wako Pure Chemicals; special grade), cinchonidine (CD, Wako Pure Chemicals; 99 percent), and benzylamine (BA, WakoPure Chemicals, 98 percent) were used as received. Enantioselective hydrogenation of PCA or DMPCA was conducted as reported in our previous study [28]. Typically, wet 5 percent Pd/C (23 mg as dry form, 0.01 mmol of Pd) was pretreated in 5 ml wet dioxane (dioxane containing 2.5 percent water) at 353 K under atmospheric pressure of H2 for 30 min. After the catalyst had cooled to 296 K, CD (0 or 0.02 mmol) in wet dioxane was added to the catalyst. The resulting suspension was then stirred for 30 min, while the H2 atmosphere was maintained. Next, the substrate (PCA or DMPCA, 0.5 mmol) and then BA (0.3 mmol) was injected into the reactor. Hydrogen uptake was measured, while the reaction solution was maintained under atmospheric pressure of H2 in order to monitor the progress of the reaction. Hydrogenation rates were determined at 20–25 percent conversion of the substrate. In another hydrogenation procedure, the catalyst and CD were prereduced at 296 K by stirring for 30 min in 5 ml of the solvent under H2 atmosphere prior to substrate injection, followed by BA addition. This latter procedure is called ‘‘without the pretreatment’’ here. The product eepercent was determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [Daicel Chiralpak OJ-H; 25 cm 9 4.6 mm; Hex/IPA/TFA = 95/5/0.1, retention times: 15.4 min (R) and 24.4 min (S) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min], and the final reaction conversions were determined via 1H NMR (600 MHz) spectroscopy. After washing each portion with 1 N HCl, the reaction mixture was found to contain only the substrate and the corresponding hydrogenation products. The enantiomeric excess (eepercent) was calculated according to the following equation: eepercent 100 x SR=[S] - [R]; where [S] and [R] represent the concentrations of S- and R-enantiomers, respectively.
58 % ee With 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen; benzylamine; Cinchonidin In 1,4-dioxane; water at 22.84℃; The enantioselective hydrogenation of PCA was conductedat 296 K as reported in our previous study after one of the following pretreatments employed previously; Pretreatment(A): wet 5 percent Pd/C (23 mg as a dry form, 0.01 mmol of Pd) was pretreated at 353 K in 5 mL of wet dioxane (dioxanecontaining 2.5 percent water) under an atmospheric pressure of H2 for 30 min. After the catalyst was cooled to 296 K, CD(0.02 mmol) in wet dioxane (1 mL) was added to the catalyst. The resulting suspension was then stirred for 30 min, whilethe H2-atmosphere was maintained. Next, the substrate (PCA,0.5 mmol) and then BA (0.3 mmol) were successively injectedinto the reactor through a septum port. Pretreatment (B): Pd/Cin the reactor was evacuated at room temperature (rt) with a diaphragm pump at 13 kPa for 10 min, which was sufficient time to reach a stationary state. After quickly flashing with H2,dioxane (1 mL) was added to Pd/C, followed by evacuation for 10 min and subsequent quick flashing with H2 (the coevaporation treatment). Wet dioxane (5 mL) was added prior to the CD modification. A solution of CD (0.02 mmol) in wet dioxane (1 mL) was added to the pretreated catalyst, and stirred for 30 min under an atmospheric pressure of H2. PCA (0.5 mmol) in wet dioxane (4 mL) and then BA (0.5 mmol) were added to the reactor via the septum port. Pretreatment(C): as employed in our earlier study, the catalyst and CD were pretreated at 296 K in 5 mL of the solvent, while stirring for 30 min under H2-atmosphere prior to the injection of PCA (0.5 mmol) in wet dioxane (4 mL), followed by 0.5 mmol of BA addition. After one of the above pretreatments, the rate of H2-uptake was measured to monitor the progress of the reaction, while the reaction solution was maintained under anatmospheric pressure of H2. Hydrogenation rates were determined at a 20–25 percent conversion of the substrate. The product enantioselectivity expressed by percent eewas determined via HPLC (Daicel Chiralpak OJ-H;25 cm × 4.6 mm; Hex/IPA/TFA = 95/5/0.1, retention times:15.4 min (R) and 24.4 min (S) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min),and the final reaction conversions were determined via 1H-NMR (600 MHz) spectroscopy. After washing each portion with an aqueous solution of 1 N HCl, the reaction mixture was found to contain only the substrate and the hydrogenation products. The enantiomeric excess (percent ee) was calculated according to the following equation. percent ee = 100×([S]-[R]) / ([S]+[R]) , where [S] and [R] represent the concentrations of S- and R-enantiomers, respectively.
References: [1] Dalton Transactions, 2009, # 15, p. 2751 - 2763.
[2] Chemistry Letters, 2010, vol. 39, # 3, p. 232 - 233.
[3] Chemistry Letters, 2010, vol. 39, # 3, p. 232 - 233.
[4] Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2010, vol. 327, # 1-2, p. 58 - 62.
[5] Journal of Catalysis, 2012, vol. 289, p. 238 - 248.
[6] Chemistry Letters, 2013, vol. 42, # 8, p. 813 - 815.
[7] Journal of Catalysis, 2014, vol. 311, p. 1 - 5.
[8] Organometallics, 2014, vol. 33, # 8, p. 1945 - 1952.
[9] Organometallics, 2014, vol. 33, # 8, p. 1945 - 1952.
[10] Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2016, vol. 42, # 1, p. 31 - 45.
[11] Catalysis Letters, 2016, vol. 146, # 12, p. 2430 - 2440.
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References: [1] Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] C: Organic, 1968, p. 258 - 262.
 

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