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Chemical Structure| 454-81-9

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Qi Su ;

Abstract: Iodotyrosine deiodinases (IYDs) are versatile flavoenzymes. IYD was first discovered in humans as a deiodinase involved in iodide salvage for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Mechanistic study suggested that IYD catalyzed deiodination of mono- and di-iodotyrosine using a series of single electron transfer. In the first part of this thesis, IYDs from a range of organisms were evaluated for their ability to catalyze nitroreduction by cofactor engineering. The cofactor FMN was replaced by 5-deaza FMN to suppress the sequential one-electron transfer for deiodination by 10000-fold and to promote a non-natural nitroreduction activity with a turnover frequency of 1.4 min-1. The engineered IYD∙5dFMN reduced nitroaromatics to aromatic amines catalytically using NaBH4 as a reducing source. The full 6-electron reduction of nitroaromatics to amines is rarely possible by other nitroreductases (NRs). In the second part of this thesis, the biological function of IYD was investigated in a model invertebrate, Drosophila melanogaster, which does not have a thyroid nor known to require iodide. A knockout or inactivated mutation of the cdt gene (encoding IYD) in male Drosophila using CRISPRCas9 gene editing suppressed fecundity by more than 90% over 6 days. The role of IYD in Drosophila spermatogenesis was studied using a combination of LC-MS based metabolite profiling, immunofluorescent imaging and genetic rescue. Drosophila IYD was previously known to promote debromination and dechlorination as well as deiodination. Accumulation of mono- and di-bromotyrosine at nanomolar concentrations was detected from either IYD suppression or the presence of excess bromotyrosine in diet. This accumulation disrupted over 80% of the assembly of actin cones in Drosophila testes and led to defects in spermatids individualization. Overexpression of transgenic IYD lowered the concentration of bromotyrosine in testes, restored normal spermatids individualization and rescued Drosophila fertility. Taken together, IYD is proposed to affect Drosophila fertility by regulating bromotyrosine concentration and normal spermatids individualization.  The many faces of IYD functions beyond deiodination and iodide recycling should facilitate the application of IYD in bioremediation and studies of coevolution of halogenated compounds and dehalogenase in biology.

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Product Details of [ 454-81-9 ]

CAS No. :454-81-9
Formula : C7H6F3NO
M.W : 177.12
SMILES Code : NC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F
MDL No. :MFCD01731750
InChI Key :BHTKIYIEMXRHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :120246

Safety of [ 454-81-9 ]

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Computational Chemistry of [ 454-81-9 ] Show Less

Physicochemical Properties

Num. heavy atoms 12
Num. arom. heavy atoms 6
Fraction Csp3 0.14
Num. rotatable bonds 1
Num. H-bond acceptors 4.0
Num. H-bond donors 2.0
Molar Refractivity 37.87
TPSA ?

Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from
Ertl P. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.

46.25 Ų

Lipophilicity

Log Po/w (iLOGP)?

iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from
Daina A et al. 2014 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

1.23
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)?

XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by
XLOGP program, version 3.2.2, courtesy of CCBG, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry

1.68
Log Po/w (WLOGP)?

WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from
Wildman SA and Crippen GM. 1999 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

3.15
Log Po/w (MLOGP)?

MLOGP: Topological method implemented from
Moriguchi I. et al. 1992 Chem. Pharm. Bull.
Moriguchi I. et al. 1994 Chem. Pharm. Bull.
Lipinski PA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev.

1.91
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)?

SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by
FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com

1.65
Consensus Log Po/w?

Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions

1.92

Water Solubility

Log S (ESOL):?

ESOL: Topological method implemented from
Delaney JS. 2004 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

-2.3
Solubility 0.887 mg/ml ; 0.00501 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Soluble
Log S (Ali)?

Ali: Topological method implemented from
Ali J. et al. 2012 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

-2.27
Solubility 0.96 mg/ml ; 0.00542 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Soluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT)?

SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by
FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com

-2.35
Solubility 0.797 mg/ml ; 0.0045 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Soluble

Pharmacokinetics

GI absorption?

Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg

High
BBB permeant?

BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg

Yes
P-gp substrate?

P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set)
and tested on 415 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.72 / AUC=0.77
External: ACC=0.88 / AUC=0.94

No
CYP1A2 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set)
and tested on 3000 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.83 / AUC=0.90
External: ACC=0.84 / AUC=0.91

No
CYP2C19 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set)
and tested on 3000 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.86
External: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.87

No
CYP2C9 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set)
and tested on 2075 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.71 / AUC=0.81

No
CYP2D6 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set)
and tested on 1068 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.79 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.81 / AUC=0.87

No
CYP3A4 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set)
and tested on 2579 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.77 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.86

No
Log Kp (skin permeation)?

Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from
Potts RO and Guy RH. 1992 Pharm. Res.

-6.19 cm/s

Druglikeness

Lipinski?

Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from
Lipinski CA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
MW ≤ 500
MLOGP ≤ 4.15
N or O ≤ 10
NH or OH ≤ 5

0.0
Ghose?

Ghose filter: implemented from
Ghose AK. et al. 1999 J. Comb. Chem.
160 ≤ MW ≤ 480
-0.4 ≤ WLOGP ≤ 5.6
40 ≤ MR ≤ 130
20 ≤ atoms ≤ 70

None
Veber?

Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from
Veber DF. et al. 2002 J. Med. Chem.
Rotatable bonds ≤ 10
TPSA ≤ 140

0.0
Egan?

Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from
Egan WJ. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.
WLOGP ≤ 5.88
TPSA ≤ 131.6

0.0
Muegge?

Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from
Muegge I. et al. 2001 J. Med. Chem.
200 ≤ MW ≤ 600
-2 ≤ XLOGP ≤ 5
TPSA ≤ 150
Num. rings ≤ 7
Num. carbon > 4
Num. heteroatoms > 1
Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 15
H-bond acc. ≤ 10
H-bond don. ≤ 5

1.0
Bioavailability Score?

Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat
implemented from
Martin YC. 2005 J. Med. Chem.

0.55

Medicinal Chemistry

PAINS?

Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from
Baell JB. & Holloway GA. 2010 J. Med. Chem.

0.0 alert
Brenk?

Structural Alert: implemented from
Brenk R. et al. 2008 ChemMedChem

2.0 alert: heavy_metal
Leadlikeness?

Leadlikeness: implemented from
Teague SJ. 1999 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
250 ≤ MW ≤ 350
XLOGP ≤ 3.5
Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 7

No; 1 violation:MW<1.0
Synthetic accessibility?

Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult)
based on 1024 fragmental contributions (FP2) modulated by size and complexity penaties,
trained on 12'782'590 molecules and tested on 40 external molecules (r2 = 0.94)

1.09

Application In Synthesis of [ 454-81-9 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 454-81-9 ]

[ 454-81-9 ] Synthesis Path-Downstream   1~4

  • 1
  • [ 454-81-9 ]
  • [ 2972-52-3 ]
  • 2-chloro-8-(trifluoromethyl)-6H-benzo[b]pyrimidino[5,4-f]-1,4-oxazaperhydroepin-5-one [ No CAS ]
  • 2
  • [ 13958-93-5 ]
  • [ 454-81-9 ]
  • [ 1192021-00-3 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
Reference Production Example 11A mixture of 1 g of <strong>[13958-93-5]3,5-dichloroisonicotinic acid</strong> and 5 ml of thionyl chloride was heated to reflux for seven hours. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF, which was added dropwise to a mixture of 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol, 5 ml of DMF and 1.05 g of triethylamine at 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours, and then water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether to give 0.75 g of 3,5-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5- trifluoromethylphenyl)isonicotinamide.1H-NMR (CDCl3+DMSO-d6) delta: 9.03 (br s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 2H), 8.45 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H)
A mixture of 1 g of <strong>[13958-93-5]3,5-dichloroisonicotinic acid</strong> and 5 ml of thionyl chloride was heated to reflux for seven hours. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF, which was added dropwise to a mixture of 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol, 5 ml of DMF and 1.05 g of triethylamine at 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours, and then water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether to give 0.75 g of 3,5-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5- trifluoromethylphenyl)isonicotinamide.1H-NMR (CDCl3+DMSO-d6) delta: 9.03 (br s, IH), 8.59 (s, 2H), 8.45 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.30 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, IH)
A mixture of 1 g of <strong>[13958-93-5]3,5-dichloroisonicotinic acid</strong> and 5 ml of thionyl chloride was heated to reflux for seven hours. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF, which was added dropwise to a mixture of 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol, 5 ml of DMF and 1.05 g of triethylamine at 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours, and then water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether to give 0.75 g of 3,5-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5- trifluoromethylphenyl)isonicotinamide.1 H-NMR (CDCl3+DMSO-d6) delta: 9.03 (br s, IH), 8.59 (s, 2H), 8.45 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.30 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, IH)
Reference Production Example 11A mixture of 1 g of <strong>[13958-93-5]3,5-dichloroisonicotinic acid</strong> and 5 ml of thionyl chloride was heated to reflux for seven hours. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF, which was added dropwise to a mixture of 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol, 5 ml of DMF and 1.05 g of triethylamine at 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours, and then water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether to give 0.75 g of 3,5-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5- trifluoromethylphenyl)isonicotinamide.1H-NMR (CDCl3+DMSO-d6) delta: 9.03 (br s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 2H), 8.45 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H)
Reference Production Example 11A mixture of 1 g of <strong>[13958-93-5]3,5-dichloroisonicotinic acid</strong> and 5 ml of thionyl chloride was heated to reflux for seven hours. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF, which was added dropwise to a mixture of 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol, 5 ml of DMF and 1.05 g of triethylamine at 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours, and then water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether to give 0.75 g of 3,5-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5- trifluoromethylphenyl)isonicotinamide.-NMR (CDCl3+DMSO-d6) delta: 9.03 (br s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 2H), 8.45 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, IH)

  • 4
  • [ 454-81-9 ]
  • [ 122-51-0 ]
  • [ 1267217-46-8 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
48% at 130℃; A solution of 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (5g, 28.2mmol) in triethoxymethane (30g, 283mmo1) was heated at 130 C for 5h. The TLC showed reaction to be complete. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (1 00-200 mesh), eluting with 4% EtOAc in hexane to afford 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]oxazole as a yellow solid. Yield: 2.5g (48%); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8.20 (5, 1H), 8.10 (5, 1H), 7.63- 7.74 (m, 2H).
 

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