Structure of 6-Fluoronicotinic acid
CAS No.: 403-45-2
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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
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Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis ; Lundmark, Fanny ; Abouzayed, Ayman ; Balestri, Lorenzo Jacopo Ilic ; Håkansson, Esther Olaniran ; Obeid, Karim , et al.
Abstract: Background: The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in the majority of primary prostate cancer lesions, with persistent expression in lymph nodes and bone metastases, making it a legitimate molecular target for diagnostic imaging and staging. This study presents the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26, a GRPR antagonist which utilises the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction for 18F-labelling. This click-chemistry approach allows for site-specific incorporation of fluorine-18 under mild conditions, preserving the peptide's structural integrity and biological activity. Receptor specificity and affinity of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 were evaluated in vitro using GRPR-expressing PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the biodistribution profile of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 was assessed in NMRI mice and its tumour-targeting capability was investigated in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts. Results: The labelling of TCO-PEG2-RM26 precursor involved three steps: (1) synthesis of an 18F-labelled activated ester on a quaternary methyl ammonium (QMA) cartridge, (2) conjugation of the labelled ester to a tetrazine amine, and (3) attachment to TCO-PEG2-RM26 via an IEDDA click reaction. This production method of [18F] MeTz-PEG2-RM26 afforded a high apparent molar activity of 3.5–4.3 GBq/µmol and radiochemical purity exceeding 98%, with 43–70 MBq activity incorporation, while the entire synthesis was completed within 75 min. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the specific binding of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 to GRPR, with a significant reduction in activity uptake observed upon receptor saturation. The radioligand exhibited rapid blood clearance and minimal bone uptake, confirming the stability of the fluorine-carbon bond. However, high hepatic uptake (12–13% IA/g at 1 h postinjection) indicated predominant hepatobiliary excretion. Receptor-mediated uptake was observed in the tumours and pancreatic tissue, although the overall activity uptake in tumours was low, likely due to the rapid hepatobiliary clearance of [18F] MeTz-PEG2-RM26. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the IEDDA click reaction for fluorine-18 labelling of GRPR-targeting PET tracers. Future studies should focus on increasing the hydrophilicity of the imaging probe to improve the targeting properties and biodistribution profile of the radioligand.
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Keywords: Fluorine-18 ; TCO ; Tetrazine ; IEDDA click chemistry ; GRPR ; Bombesin ; PET ; Prostate cancer
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CAS No. : | 403-45-2 |
Formula : | C6H4FNO2 |
M.W : | 141.10 |
SMILES Code : | C1=NC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)F |
MDL No. : | MFCD01859863 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 10 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 1 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 4.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 1.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 31.15 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
50.19 Ų |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
0.98 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
2.13 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
1.34 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
-0.69 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
1.17 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
0.99 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-2.43 |
Solubility | 0.519 mg/ml ; 0.00368 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-2.82 |
Solubility | 0.216 mg/ml ; 0.00153 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-1.65 |
Solubility | 3.15 mg/ml ; 0.0223 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
Yes |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-5.65 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.56 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
1.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
1.61 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With N,N-dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal; for 3.0h;Heating / reflux; | To a stirred and refluxed solution of 6-fluoro-nicotinic acid (0.092 g, 6.52 mmol) in benzene and 2-methyl-propan-2-ol (2: 1,15 : 7 mL) was added dropwise N, N- [DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE] di-tert-butyl acetal (8.2 mL, 29.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature and partitioned between aqueous [NAHC03] and dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried [(MGS04),] filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash chromatography with 15% to 30% ethyl acetate in hexane to provide the titled compound. MS (CI) m/z 197 (M+1) [+] [; IH] NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) [5] ppm 8.82 (d, 1H), 8.38 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, [1H),] 1.64 (s, 9H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In hexane; benzene; | Example 40A 6-Fluoro-nicotinic acid tert-butyl ester To a stirred and refluxed solution of 6-fluoro-nicotinic acid (0.092 g, 6.52 mmol) in benzene and 2-methyl-propan-2-ol (2:1, 15:7 mL) was added dropwise N,N-dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal (8.2 mL, 29.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature and partitioned between aqueous NaHCO3 and dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash chromatography with 15% to 30% ethyl acetate in hexane to provide the titled compound. MS (CI) m/z 197 (M+1)+; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) delta ppm 8.82(d, 1H), 8.38(m, 1H), 6.98(d, 1H), 1.64 (s, 9H). |
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