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Structure of 22246-12-4

Chemical Structure| 22246-12-4

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Elizabeth Bester ; An´el Petzer ; Jacobus P. Petzer ;

Abstract: d-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) oxidises d-amino acids to ultimately produce the corresponding α-keto acids. The DAAO substrate, d-serine, is a co-agonist at NMDA receptors, while NMDA receptor hypo-function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Through the modulation of d-serine levels, the inhibition of DAAO represents a strategy to increase NMDA receptor function, and thus a potential treatment for schizophrenia. Literature reports that 3-hydroxycoumarin is a potent inhibitor of DAAO and represents an ideal lead for the development of novel DAAO inhibitors. Based on this, the present study investigated DAAO inhibition by a series of synthetic and commercially available coumarin derivatives. Due to structural similarity to coumarin, a synthetic series of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives has also been included in this study. The results show that among 37 compound evaluated, four inhibit porcine kidney DAAO with IC50 < 10 µM. The most potent inhibitors are 3,7-dihydroxycoumarin and 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin with an IC50 values of 0.167 and 0.224 µM, respectively. These values are an improvement on that of the reference DAAO inhibitor, 3-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (IC50 = 1.88 µM). Coumarin compounds are also known to inhibit the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, which are well established targets for the treatment of depression and Parkinson’s disease. As DAAO and MAO are flavoenzymes, off-target inhibition may occur. The series were thus evaluated as potential MAO inhibitors, and a number of high potency inhibitors were identified. Seven compounds inhibit the recombinant human MAOs with IC50 < 0.1 µM, with the most potent MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values of 0.033 and 0.012 µM, respectively. This is significantly more potent than the reference inhibitors, curcumin, isatin and toloxatone. This study concludes that active DAAO and MAO inhibitors may serve as novel leads for the design of compounds that may find future application in the treatment of neuropsychiatric (e.g. schizophrenia, depression) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Parkinson’s disease).

Keywords: Coumarin ; D-amino acid oxidase ; Monoamine oxidase ; Schizophrenia ; Depression ; Parkinson’s disease

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Elizabeth Bester ;

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder with many clinical and therapeutic challenges. Current therapy is based on outdated pathological theories while most antipschycotic drugs have a significant side effect profile. New theories to explain the pathology of schizophrenia are being developed and novel drugs that act as improved antipsychotics are needed. D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) oxidises D-amino acids to ultimately produce the corresponding α-keto acids. D-Serine is an example of a substrate of DAAO and is a co agonist at the NMDA receptor. NMDA receptor hypo function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. A strategy to improve NMDA receptor function is the inhibition of DAAO, and thereby to increase central D-serine levels. This approach serves as a potential treatment for schizophrenia. The small molecule, 3-hydroxycoumarin, is a potent inhibitor of DAAO, and represents an ideal lead for the development of novel DAAO inhibitors. Based on this, the present study investigated the DAAO inhibition potencies of series of synthetic and commercially available coumarin derivatives. Due to structural similarity to coumarin, a synthetic series of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives was also included in this study. Among the 37 compounds that were evaluated, four inhibited porcine kidney DAAO with IC50 < 10 μM. The most potent inhibitor was 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin with an IC50 value of 0.224 μM. These values are significantly more potent than the reference DAAO inhibitor, 3-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (IC50 = 1.88 μM). Coumarin compounds are also known to be inhibitors of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, which are well established targets for the treatment of depression and Parkinson’s disease. The series were thus evaluated as potential MAO inhibitors, and a number of high potency inhibitors were identified. Seven compounds inhibited the recombinant human MAOs with IC50 < 0.1 μM, with the most potent MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values of 0.033 and 0.012 μM, respectively. These compounds are significantly more potent that the reference inhibitor, curcumin, with IC50 values of 5.02 and 2.56 μM for the inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. This study concludes that active DAAO and MAO inhibitors may serve as novel leads for the design of compounds that may find future application in the treatment of neuropsychiatric (e.g. schizophrenia, depression) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Parkinson’s disease).

Keywords: coumarin ; dihydroisoquinolinone ; D-amino acid oxidase ; monoamine oxidase ; inhibition ; schizophrenia ; depression ; Parkinson’s disease

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Alternative Products

Product Details of [ 22246-12-4 ]

CAS No. :22246-12-4
Formula : C10H11NO2
M.W : 177.20
SMILES Code : O=C1NCCC2=C1C=CC(OC)=C2
MDL No. :MFCD04114865
InChI Key :WLQWIZAWNPYMBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :10607392

Safety of [ 22246-12-4 ]

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H332-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P280-P305+P351+P338

Computational Chemistry of [ 22246-12-4 ] Show Less

Physicochemical Properties

Num. heavy atoms 13
Num. arom. heavy atoms 6
Fraction Csp3 0.3
Num. rotatable bonds 1
Num. H-bond acceptors 2.0
Num. H-bond donors 1.0
Molar Refractivity 52.7
TPSA ?

Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from
Ertl P. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.

38.33 Ų

Lipophilicity

Log Po/w (iLOGP)?

iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from
Daina A et al. 2014 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

1.78
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)?

XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by
XLOGP program, version 3.2.2, courtesy of CCBG, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry

1.2
Log Po/w (WLOGP)?

WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from
Wildman SA and Crippen GM. 1999 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

0.6
Log Po/w (MLOGP)?

MLOGP: Topological method implemented from
Moriguchi I. et al. 1992 Chem. Pharm. Bull.
Moriguchi I. et al. 1994 Chem. Pharm. Bull.
Lipinski PA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev.

1.14
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)?

SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by
FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com

2.07
Consensus Log Po/w?

Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions

1.36

Water Solubility

Log S (ESOL):?

ESOL: Topological method implemented from
Delaney JS. 2004 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

-1.97
Solubility 1.9 mg/ml ; 0.0107 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Very soluble
Log S (Ali)?

Ali: Topological method implemented from
Ali J. et al. 2012 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

-1.6
Solubility 4.44 mg/ml ; 0.025 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Very soluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT)?

SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by
FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com

-3.29
Solubility 0.0903 mg/ml ; 0.000509 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Soluble

Pharmacokinetics

GI absorption?

Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg

High
BBB permeant?

BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg

Yes
P-gp substrate?

P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set)
and tested on 415 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.72 / AUC=0.77
External: ACC=0.88 / AUC=0.94

No
CYP1A2 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set)
and tested on 3000 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.83 / AUC=0.90
External: ACC=0.84 / AUC=0.91

No
CYP2C19 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set)
and tested on 3000 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.86
External: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.87

No
CYP2C9 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set)
and tested on 2075 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.71 / AUC=0.81

No
CYP2D6 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set)
and tested on 1068 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.79 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.81 / AUC=0.87

No
CYP3A4 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set)
and tested on 2579 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.77 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.86

No
Log Kp (skin permeation)?

Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from
Potts RO and Guy RH. 1992 Pharm. Res.

-6.53 cm/s

Druglikeness

Lipinski?

Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from
Lipinski CA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
MW ≤ 500
MLOGP ≤ 4.15
N or O ≤ 10
NH or OH ≤ 5

0.0
Ghose?

Ghose filter: implemented from
Ghose AK. et al. 1999 J. Comb. Chem.
160 ≤ MW ≤ 480
-0.4 ≤ WLOGP ≤ 5.6
40 ≤ MR ≤ 130
20 ≤ atoms ≤ 70

None
Veber?

Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from
Veber DF. et al. 2002 J. Med. Chem.
Rotatable bonds ≤ 10
TPSA ≤ 140

0.0
Egan?

Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from
Egan WJ. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.
WLOGP ≤ 5.88
TPSA ≤ 131.6

0.0
Muegge?

Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from
Muegge I. et al. 2001 J. Med. Chem.
200 ≤ MW ≤ 600
-2 ≤ XLOGP ≤ 5
TPSA ≤ 150
Num. rings ≤ 7
Num. carbon > 4
Num. heteroatoms > 1
Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 15
H-bond acc. ≤ 10
H-bond don. ≤ 5

1.0
Bioavailability Score?

Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat
implemented from
Martin YC. 2005 J. Med. Chem.

0.55

Medicinal Chemistry

PAINS?

Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from
Baell JB. & Holloway GA. 2010 J. Med. Chem.

0.0 alert
Brenk?

Structural Alert: implemented from
Brenk R. et al. 2008 ChemMedChem

0.0 alert: heavy_metal
Leadlikeness?

Leadlikeness: implemented from
Teague SJ. 1999 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
250 ≤ MW ≤ 350
XLOGP ≤ 3.5
Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 7

No; 1 violation:MW<1.0
Synthetic accessibility?

Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult)
based on 1024 fragmental contributions (FP2) modulated by size and complexity penaties,
trained on 12'782'590 molecules and tested on 40 external molecules (r2 = 0.94)

1.55

Application In Synthesis of [ 22246-12-4 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 22246-12-4 ]

[ 22246-12-4 ] Synthesis Path-Downstream   1~2

  • 1
  • [ 2051-99-2 ]
  • [ 22246-12-4 ]
  • 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-6-methoxy-3.4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one [ No CAS ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
43.5% With copper(l) iodide; potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 150℃; for 24h;Inert atmosphere; Intermediate A6 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-6-methoxy-3.4-dihvdroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one vial, 6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l(2H)-one (0.25 g, 1.411 mmol) was dissolved in N-dimethylformamide (2.82 ml). To this was added l-bromo-4-isobutylbenzene (0.451 g, 2.116 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.390 g, 2.82 mmol). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, charged with copper(I) iodide (0.161 g, 0.847 mmol) and heated to 150 C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water and extracted three times with dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined, passed through a phase separator and concentrated. The crude material was purified via silica gel chromatography using 0-75% ethyl acetate in heptanes to afford the desired product (190 mg, 0.614 mmol, 43.5 % yield) as a light orange solid. NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) delta 8.12 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.24 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.89 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.77 - 6.65 (m, 1H), 3.96 (dd, J = 7.0, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.09 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (dh, J = 13.5, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.94 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H). LC MS (m/z, MH+): 310.4.
  • 2
  • [ 20651-67-6 ]
  • [ 22246-12-4 ]
  • 2-(4-butylphenyl)-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one [ No CAS ]
 

Historical Records

Technical Information

Categories

Related Functional Groups of
[ 22246-12-4 ]

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Related Parent Nucleus of
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