Structure of Pentamidine isethionate
CAS No.: 140-64-7
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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
Pentamidine isethionate (MP-601205 isethionate) is an antimicrobial agent that interferes with DNA biosynthesis. It inhibits the parasite Leishmania infantum with an IC50 of 2.5 μM.
Synonyms: MP-601205 isethionate; Pentamidine(isethionate)
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CAS No. : | 140-64-7 |
Formula : | C23H36N4O10S2 |
M.W : | 592.68 |
SMILES Code : | N=C(C1=CC=C(OCCCCCOC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2)C=C1)N.OCCS(=O)(O)=O.OCCS(=O)(O)=O |
Synonyms : |
MP-601205 isethionate; Pentamidine(isethionate)
|
MDL No. : | MFCD00079213 |
InChI Key : | YBVNFKZSMZGRAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 8813 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H317-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P280-P305+P351+P338 |
In Vitro:
Concentration | Treated Time | Description | References |
MRC5SV cells | 0.5 mM | 30 minutes | Pentamidine inhibited the focus formation of γ-H2AX and NBS1. | PMC2831819 |
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) | 2.5-10.0 μM | 12 hours | To evaluate the effect of VLX103 on inflammatory activation of BMDM, results showed that VLX103 did not significantly inhibit the induction of cytokine genes Tnfα, Il-1β, and Il-6 or M1-marker gene Nos2 | PMC5570662 |
Ca.LSU precursor RNA | 25-200 µM | 20 minutes | Pentamidine inhibits the self-splicing activity of Ca.LSU precursor RNA, with 25 µM significantly inhibiting splicing after preincubation and 200 µM completely inhibiting it | PMC117049 |
Caov3 ovarian cancer cells | 0, 1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 15, 20 μM | 24 hours | To evaluate the effect of Pentamidine on ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Results showed that Pentamidine significantly inhibited the proliferation of HO8910 and Caov3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. | PMC8257069 |
HO8910 ovarian cancer cells | 0, 1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 15, 20 μM | 24 hours | To evaluate the effect of Pentamidine on ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Results showed that Pentamidine significantly inhibited the proliferation of HO8910 and Caov3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. | PMC8257069 |
HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells | 25.9 ± 4.2 μM (IC50) | 24 hours | Inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation | PMC8905599 |
Primary astrocytes | 8.9 ± 1.6 μM (IC50) | 24 hours | Inhibited LPS-induced NO overproduction | PMC8905599 |
Primary microglia | 0.77 ± 0.1 μM (IC50) | 24 hours | Inhibited LPS-induced NO overproduction | PMC8905599 |
BV-2 microglial cells | 15.6 ± 0.6 μM (IC50) | 24 hours | Inhibited LPS-induced NO overproduction | PMC8905599 |
RAW 264.7 macrophages | 2.6 ± 0.5 μM (IC50) | 24 hours | Inhibited LPS-induced NO overproduction | PMC8905599 |
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) | 5 μM | 4 days | Pentamidine significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, reducing the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells by more than 90%, and downregulated the expression of NFATc1 and its target genes (Acp5, Ctsk, Dcstamp). | PMC6542890 |
HeLa cells | 10 μM | 42 hours | To screen compounds inhibiting Chlamydia trachomatis growth, pentamidine significantly reduces chlamydial inclusion formation. | PMC11293347 |
HERG-HEK cells | 1 and 10 μM | 48 hours | To assess the chronic effect of pentamidine on hERG expression, showing 36% and 85% reductions in hERG current density with 1 and 10 μM pentamidine, respectively. | PMC1576113 |
LNCaP cells | 2.5 μM | 48 hours | Pentamidine inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of LNCaP cells, but the effect was weaker than in PC3 and DU145 cells. | PMC6985668 |
LAPC4 cells | 2.5 μM | 48 hours | Pentamidine inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of LAPC4 cells, but the effect was weaker than in PC3 and DU145 cells. | PMC6985668 |
DU145 cells | 2.5 μM | 48 hours | Pentamidine significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of DU145 cells and induced apoptosis. | PMC6985668 |
PC3 cells | 2.5 μM | 48 hours | Pentamidine significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC3 cells and induced apoptosis. | PMC6985668 |
McCoy cells | 1 μM | 48 hours | To evaluate the inhibitory effect of pentamidine on Chlamydia trachomatis growth, pentamidine impairs chlamydia growth by altering host cell metabolism. | PMC11293347 |
ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells | 5 to 100 μM | 48 hours | To evaluate the effect of Pentamidine on cell proliferation, results showed reduced proliferation with increasing concentration | PMC8145327 |
SW480 cells | 10 µM | 48 hours | Cytotoxicity analysis | PMC9856166 |
SW480 cells | 1 µM | 48 hours | Inhibition of S100A1-induced cell proliferation | PMC9856166 |
Hepatic macrophages | 10 μM | 6 hours | To evaluate the effect of VLX103 on inflammatory activation of hepatic macrophages, results showed that VLX103 significantly inhibited the induction of Tnfα, Il-1β, Il-6 and Nos2 genes | PMC5570662 |
Caov3 ovarian cancer cells | 0, 5.0, 7.5, 10 μM | 7 days | To evaluate the effect of Pentamidine on ovarian cancer cell colony formation. Results showed that Pentamidine significantly reduced the number of colonies in HO8910 and Caov3 cells. | PMC8257069 |
HO8910 ovarian cancer cells | 0, 5.0, 7.5, 10 μM | 7 days | To evaluate the effect of Pentamidine on ovarian cancer cell colony formation. Results showed that Pentamidine significantly reduced the number of colonies in HO8910 and Caov3 cells. | PMC8257069 |
E. coli BW25113 | 10 μM | 96 hours | Screen for pentamidine's ability to suppress vancomycin activity; pentamidine significantly inhibited vancomycin activity at low temperature. | PMC5360458 |
E. coli BW25113 | 25 μg/ml | to mid-log phase (OD~0.5) | Assess the effect of pentamidine on cell surface structure; atomic force microscopy revealed undulations of approximately 40 nm in amplitude on the surface of pentamidine-treated cells. | PMC5360458 |
Guinea-pig ventricular myocytes | Up to 300 μM | To evaluate the effect of pentamidine on L-type calcium current and action potential duration, showing no significant effect on L-type calcium current but slight prolongation of action potential duration at 300 μM. | PMC1576113 | |
Stable hERG-expressing HEK-293 cells | 10-300 μM | To evaluate the acute inhibitory effect of pentamidine on hERG current, showing concentration-dependent inhibition with an IC50 of 252 μM. | PMC1576113 | |
HCT116 | 0.5 µM | Enhanced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells | PMC10185823 | |
H1937 | 0.5 µM | Enhanced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against H1937 cells | PMC10185823 | |
A375 | 0.5 µM | Enhanced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against A375 cells | PMC10185823 | |
H1975 | 0.5 µM | Enhanced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against H1975 cells | PMC10185823 | |
HeLa cells | 0.05 mM | Pentamidine increased the radio-sensitivity of HeLa cells and decreased cell viability. | PMC2831819 | |
Total yeast tRNAs | 10 mM | To study the thermodynamics of pentamidine binding to tRNA using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Results indicated that pentamidine binding to tRNA is primarily driven by hydrophobic interactions and involves two classes of binding sites. | PMC2275129 | |
HEK293 cells | 50 µM | Pentamidine reduced the formation of CUG ribonuclear foci and released MBNL1 from sequestration. | PMC2774031 | |
HeLa cells | 25-75 µM | Pentamidine was able to reverse the missplicing of insulin receptor (IR) and cardiac troponin T (cTNT) pre-mRNAs caused by CUG repeat expression. For IR pre-mRNA, 25 µM pentamidine partially restored exon 11 inclusion, and 50 µM fully restored it. For cTNT pre-mRNA, 75 µM pentamidine restored normal levels of exon 5 inclusion. | PMC2774031 | |
Guinea-pig ventricular myocytes | Up to 300 μM | To evaluate the effect of pentamidine on L-type calcium current and action potential duration, showing no significant effect on L-type calcium current but slight prolongation of action potential duration at 300 μM. | PMC1576113 | |
Stable hERG-expressing HEK-293 cells | 10-300 μM | To evaluate the acute inhibitory effect of pentamidine on hERG current, showing concentration-dependent inhibition with an IC50 of 252 μM. | PMC1576113 | |
RWPE-1 cells | 2.5 μM | 48 hours | Pentamidine had minimal effect on the viability of RWPE-1 cells. | PMC6985668 |
Jurkat | 0.5 µM | 6 hours | Restored T-cell activity | PMC10185823 |
In Vivo:
Administration | Dosage | Frequency | Description | References |
Mice | PD-L1 humanized murine tumor cell allograft models | Intraperitoneal injection | 0.5 or 5 mg/kg (female), 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg (male) | Every 2 days for approximately 20 days | Inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice | PMC10185823 |
C57BL/6JRj mice | Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection model | Intraperitoneal injection (systemic), Intrauterine administration (local) | 0.8 mg (systemic), 0.4 mg (local) | Every 24 hours until the end of experiment | To evaluate the prophylactic effect of pentamidine against Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mice, pentamidine significantly reduces chlamydial burden in mouse uteri. | PMC11293347 |
C57BL/6 mice | Ti particle-induced calvarial osteolysis model | Intraperitoneal injection | 1 mg/kg/day or 5 mg/kg/day | Once daily for 10 days | Pentamidine significantly reduced Ti particle-induced osteoclast formation and prevented bone destruction, with the 5 mg/kg dose group showing significant increases in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume to tissue volume ratio (BV/TV). | PMC6542890 |
Mice | PD-L1 humanized murine tumor cell allograft models | Intraperitoneal injection | 10 mg/kg | Every 2 days for approximately 20 days | Inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice | PMC10185823 |
C57BL/6 mice | LPS-induced sepsis model | Intraperitoneal injection | 10 mg/kg | Once daily for 4 consecutive days | Alleviated LPS-induced in vivo inflammation and decreased the death rate of sepsis | PMC8905599 |
Mice | Systemic A. baumannii infection model | Intraperitoneal | 10 mg/kg pentamidine and 5 mg/kg novobiocin | Administered at 2-hours and 16-hours post-infection, duration of 7 days | Evaluate the efficacy of pentamidine in combination with novobiocin; the combination therapy resulted in 100% survival of mice, with the majority showing no detectable bacteria in organ tissues by day 7. | PMC5360458 |
Nude mice | Prostate cancer xenograft model | Intraperitoneal injection | 20 mg/kg | Once every three days for two weeks | Pentamidine significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumours without exhibiting any obvious toxicity. | PMC6985668 |
Mice | HSALR transgenic mouse model | Intraperitoneal injection | 25 mg/kg twice daily or 40 mg/kg once daily | 5 days for 25 mg/kg group, 7 days for 40 mg/kg group | Pentamidine partially reversed the missplicing of Clc-1 and Serca1 pre-mRNAs. In the 25 mg/kg group, Clc-1 exon 7a inclusion decreased from 54±6% to 37±3%, and in the 40 mg/kg group to 34±4%. Serca1 exon 22 inclusion increased from 16±5% to 22±2% and 36±4%, respectively. | PMC2774031 |
C57BL/6J mice | D-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute fulminant liver injury model | Intraperitoneal injection | 25, 40 or 50 mg/kg | Single injection, 30 minutes pretreatment | To evaluate the protective effect of VLX103 on GalN/LPS-induced liver injury, results showed that VLX103 significantly decreased serum ALT levels, histological injury, the number of TUNEL-positive cells and mortality | PMC5570662 |
SJL mice | Relapsing–remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR–EAE) model | Intraperitoneal injection | 4 mg/kg | Daily administration for 30 days | To evaluate the effects of Pentamidine on clinical scores and neuropathology in the RR–EAE model. Results showed that Pentamidine was able to delay the acute phase of the disease and inhibit remission, resulting in an amelioration of clinical score compared to untreated RR–EAE mice. Additionally, treated mice exhibited a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokine expression levels in the brain and a reduction in nitric oxide synthase activity. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that inhibition of S100B modified the neuropathology of the disease, reducing immune infiltrates and partially protecting the brain from damage. | PMC7140642 |
Clinical Trial:
NCT Number | Conditions | Phases | Recruitment | Completion Date | Locations |
NCT00141037 | Kidney Diseases ... More >> Kidney Transplantation Kidney Transplant Renal Transplantation Renal Transplant Less << | Phase 1 Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, Alabama ... More >> University of Alabama - Pediatric Nephrology Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233 United States, California Maxine Dunitz Children's Health Center Cedars-Sinai Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048 UCLA - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1752 Stanford University Medical Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Palo Alto, California, United States, 94304 UCSF Children's Hospital San Francisco, California, United States, 94143 United States, Florida University of Florida - Pediatric Nephrology Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610-0296 United States, Louisiana Children's Hospital of New Orleans-Department of Pediatric Nephrology New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70118 United States, Massachusetts Children's Hospital Boston - Division of Nephrology Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115 United States, Michigan University of Michigan Medical Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital- Division of Nephrology & Transplantation Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109 United States, Missouri Children's Mercy Hospital - Department of Nephrology Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64108 United States, Pennsylvania The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia-Department of Nephrology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104 United States, Washington Children's Hospital & Regional Medical Center - Division of Nephrology Seattle, Washington, United States, 98105 Less << |
NCT00014911 | Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dep... More >>endent Less << | Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, Florida ... More >> University of Miami Miami, Florida, United States, 33136 United States, Massachusetts Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 United States, Minnesota University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 United States, Missouri Washington University St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110 United States, Washington Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Research Center Seattle, Washington, United States, 98101 Canada, Alberta University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Germany Justus-Leibig University Giessen, Germany, 35385 Italy University of Milan Milan, Italy Switzerland University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland Less << |
NCT00141037 | - | Completed | - | - | |
NCT02306512 | Lentigo Maligna ... More >> Melanoma In Situ Less << | Not Applicable | Withdrawn(PI is leaving the Un... More >>iversity of Miami) Less << | - | United States, Florida ... More >> Sylvester Comprenhensive Cancer Center Miami, Florida, United States, 33136 University of Miami Hospital dermatology clinics Miami, Florida, United States, 33136 Less << |
NCT00078559 | Kidney Transplantation ... More >> Kidney Disease Less << | Phase 1 Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, Wisconsin ... More >> University of Wisconsin - Department of Medicine Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792-1735 Less << |
NCT00002827 | Cardiac Toxicity ... More >> Lymphoma Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | - |
NCT00802594 | Trypanosomiasis, African | Phase 2 | Completed | - | Angola ... More >> Laboratory of Reference and Investigation, Viana, ICCT Bairro Ingombota, Luanda, Angola, CP 2657-C Congo Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Kinshasa, Gombe, Congo Less << |
NCT00002524 | Lymphoma | Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, Florida ... More >> MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando Orlando, Florida, United States, 32806 United States, Texas University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas, United States, 77030 Less << |
NCT00195624 | Severe Aplastic Anemia, Refrac... More >>tory Severe Aplastic Anemia, Relapse Less << | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | October 2, 2019 | United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Less << |
NCT00345345 | T-LGL Lymphoproliferative Diso... More >>rders Less << | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | December 31, 2020 | United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Less << |
NCT00000714 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, Florida ... More >> Univ of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida, United States, 331361013 United States, Illinois Northwestern Univ Med School Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611 United States, Indiana Indiana Univ Hosp Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 462025250 United States, Louisiana Tulane Univ School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112 United States, Maryland Johns Hopkins Hosp Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287 United States, Massachusetts Beth Israel Deaconess - West Campus Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215 Univ of Massachusetts Med Ctr Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01655 United States, New Jersey Warner-Lambert Parke-Davis Morris Plains, New Jersey, United States, 07950 United States, New York Bronx Municipal Hosp Ctr/Jacobi Med Ctr Bronx, New York, United States, 10461 Montefiore Med Ctr / Bronx Municipal Hosp Bronx, New York, United States, 10467 SUNY / Erie County Med Ctr at Buffalo Buffalo, New York, United States, 14215 City Hosp Ctr at Elmhurst / Mount Sinai Hosp Elmhurst, New York, United States, 11373 Beth Israel Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10003 Bellevue Hosp / New York Univ Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10016 Mount Sinai Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10029 Univ of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, United States, 14642 SUNY - Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York, United States, 117948153 United States, North Carolina Duke Univ Med Ctr Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710 United States, Ohio Case Western Reserve Univ Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106 United States, South Carolina Julio Arroyo West Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29169 United States, Washington Univ of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States, 981224304 Less << |
NCT00014911 | - | Completed | - | - | |
NCT00944749 | Anemia, Aplastic ... More >> Anemia, Hypoplastic Less << | Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Less << |
NCT00002265 | HIV Infections | Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, California ... More >> Davies Med Ctr San Francisco, California, United States, 94114 Mount Zion Med Ctr San Francisco, California, United States, 94115 United States, Florida Ctr for Special Immunology Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, 33308 Dr Robert Swartz Fort Myers, Florida, United States, 33901 Med Service Miami, Florida, United States, 33125 United States, Georgia AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30308 United States, Michigan Henry Ford Hosp Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202 United States, Pennsylvania Graduate Hosp Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19146 United States, Texas Humana Hosp / Med City Dallas Dallas, Texas, United States, 75230 Less << |
NCT00944749 | - | Completed | - | - | |
NCT00000739 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 1 | Completed | - | - |
NCT00000655 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 2 | Completed | - | - |
NCT00000724 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, New Jersey ... More >> Warner-Lambert Parke-Davis Morris Plains, New Jersey, United States, 07950 Less << |
NCT00002317 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> United States Bioscience Inc West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States, 19428 Less << |
NCT00002434 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> United States Bioscience Inc West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States, 19428 Less << |
NCT00001016 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, New Jersey ... More >> Warner-Lambert Parke-Davis Morris Plains, New Jersey, United States, 07950 Less << |
NCT00078559 | - | Completed | - | - | |
NCT00002103 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, Pennsylvania ... More >> United States Bioscience Inc West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States, 19428 Less << |
NCT00636935 | Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia | Phase 4 | Withdrawn(No patient completed... More >> protocol) Less << | - | United States, District of Col... More >>umbia George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, United States, 20037 Less << |
NCT00000730 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Terminated | - | United States, South Carolina ... More >> Julio Arroyo West Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29169 Less << |
NCT03023111 | Cutaneous Leishmaniasis | Phase 3 | Not yet recruiting | September 2019 | - |
NCT00001013 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, California ... More >> Los Angeles County - USC Med Ctr Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 United States, District of Columbia George Washington Univ Med Ctr Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20037 United States, Florida Univ of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida, United States, 331361013 United States, Illinois Northwestern Univ Med School Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611 United States, Louisiana Charity Hosp / Tulane Univ Med School New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112 Louisiana State Univ Med Ctr / Tulane Med School New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112 Tulane Univ School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112 United States, Massachusetts Univ of Massachusetts Med Ctr Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01655 United States, New York Bronx Municipal Hosp Ctr/Jacobi Med Ctr Bronx, New York, United States, 10461 Jack Weiler Hosp / Bronx Municipal Hosp Bronx, New York, United States, 10465 Montefiore Med Ctr / Bronx Municipal Hosp Bronx, New York, United States, 10467 SUNY / Erie County Med Ctr at Buffalo Buffalo, New York, United States, 14215 City Hosp Ctr at Elmhurst / Mount Sinai Hosp Elmhurst, New York, United States, 11373 Beth Israel Med Ctr / Peter Krueger Clinic New York, New York, United States, 10003 Mount Sinai Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10029 Univ of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, United States, 14642 SUNY - Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York, United States, 117948153 SUNY / State Univ of New York Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210 United States, Ohio Holmes Hosp / Univ of Cincinnati Med Ctr Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 452670405 Univ Hosp of Cleveland / Case Western Reserve Univ Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106 United States, Pennsylvania Milton S Hershey Med Ctr Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 170330850 Thomas Jefferson Med College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107 United States, South Carolina Julio Arroyo West Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29169 Less << |
NCT03096457 | Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ... More >> Leishmania Braziliensis Complex Leishmaniasis, American Leishmaniasis; American, Cutaneous Less << | Phase 2 Phase 3 | Completed | - | Bolivia ... More >> Hospital Local Palos Blancos Palos Blancos, La Paz, Bolivia, 00000 Hospital Dermatologico de Jorochito Jorochito, SC, Bolivia Less << |
NCT01378143 | Colorectal Cancer | Phase 2 | Completed | - | Canada, Quebec ... More >> CSSS Champlain - Charles-Lemoyne Hospital Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada, J4V 2H1 CSSS Alphonse-Desjardins (CHAU Hotel-Dieu de Levis) Levis, Quebec, Canada CHUM-St. Luc Hospital Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3J4 Jewish General Hospital Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1E2 CHUS-Centre de recherche Etienne-Le Bel Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4 CSSS St-Jérome St-Jérome, Quebec, Canada Canada Hotel-Dieu de Quebec Quebec, Canada, G1R 2J6 Less << |
NCT00001990 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, North Carolina ... More >> Glaxo Wellcome Inc Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States, 27709 Less << |
NCT02011958 | Visceral Leishmaniasis | Phase 3 | Unknown | April 2017 | Ethiopia ... More >> MSF Abdurafi, Ethiopia Leishmaniasis Research Center, University Hospital of Gondar Gondar, Ethiopia Less << |
NCT00000991 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, California ... More >> USC CRS Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 Children's Hosp. & Research Ctr. Oakland, Ped. Clinical Research Ctr. & Research Lab. Oakland, California, United States, 94609 Ucsd, Avrc Crs San Diego, California, United States, 92103 United States, Florida Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS Miami, Florida, United States, 33136 United States, Illinois Chicago Children's CRS Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60614 United States, Indiana Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202 United States, Maryland Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287 United States, Massachusetts Massachusetts General Hospital ACTG CRS Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 Beth Israel Deaconess - East Campus A0102 CRS Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215 Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., ACTG CRS Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215 United States, Minnesota University of Minnesota, ACTU Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 United States, Missouri Washington U CRS St. Louis, Missouri, United States United States, New York SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr. Buffalo, New York, United States, 14215 Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS Rochester, New York, United States United States, North Carolina Unc Aids Crs Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States Duke Univ. Med. Ctr. Adult CRS Durham, North Carolina, United States United States, Ohio Case CRS Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106 The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210 United States, Pennsylvania Pitt CRS Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States United States, Washington University of Washington AIDS CRS Seattle, Washington, United States, 98105 Tanzania Mbeya Med. Research Program, Mbeya Referral Hosp. CRS Mbeya, Tanzania Less << |
NCT02277808 | Healthy | Early Phase 1 | Unknown | - | Belgium ... More >> Clinique universitaire Saint-Luc Recruiting Brussels, Belgium Contact: Gregory Reychler, PhD Principal Investigator: Gregory Reychler, PhD Less << |
NCT03201159 | Hepatic Steatosis | Phase 1 | Withdrawn(Drug manufacturer ce... More >>ased operations) Less << | - | United States, Massachusetts ... More >> UMass Medical School Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01605 Less << |
NCT01844791 | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer | Phase 2 | Completed | - | Poland ... More >> Ewa Kalinka-Warzocha Lodz, Poland, 93-513 Less << |
NCT00000727 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, California ... More >> USC CRS Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 Ucsd, Avrc Crs San Diego, California, United States, 92103 Ucsf Aids Crs San Francisco, California, United States, 94110 United States, Indiana Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202 United States, Massachusetts Bmc Actg Crs Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118 United States, Minnesota University of Minnesota, ACTU Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 United States, New York Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr. New York, New York, United States, 10021 United States, Ohio Case CRS Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106 United States, Washington University of Washington AIDS CRS Seattle, Washington, United States, 98105 Less << |
NCT00002340 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, Florida ... More >> Goodgame Med Group Maitland, Florida, United States, 32751 Bay Area AIDS Consortium Tampa, Florida, United States, 33609 United States, New York Saint Vincent's Hosp and Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10011 United States, Ohio Holmes Hosp Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 452670405 United States, Virginia Hampton Roads Med Specialists Hampton, Virginia, United States, 23666 Less << |
NCT00000715 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, Louisiana ... More >> Tulane Univ School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112 United States, Massachusetts Harvard (Massachusetts Gen Hosp) Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 United States, New York Bronx Municipal Hosp Ctr/Jacobi Med Ctr Bronx, New York, United States, 10461 Mount Sinai Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10029 Univ of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, United States, 14642 United States, North Carolina Univ of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 275997215 United States, Ohio Holmes Hosp / Univ of Cincinnati Med Ctr Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 452670405 Univ Hosp of Cleveland / Case Western Reserve Univ Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106 United States, South Carolina Julio Arroyo West Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29169 Less << |
NCT00002056 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | - | LyphoMed Inc, Rosemont, Illino... More >>is, 60018, United States Less << | |
NCT00001003 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Not Applicable | Completed | - | United States, New York ... More >> SUNY - Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York, United States, 11794 Less << |
NCT00803933 | African Trypanosomiasis | Phase 2 | Completed | - | Congo ... More >> CDTC Maluku Gombe, Kinshasa, Congo Vanga Hospital Gombe, Kinshasa, Congo Less << |
NCT00002055 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | - | Georgetown Univ, Washington, D... More >>istrict of Columbia, 20007, United States|Veterans Administration Med Ctr, Washington, District of Columbia, 20422, United States|Northwestern Univ Med School, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States|Beth Israel Deaconess - West Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States Less << | |
NCT00000707 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | 1991-06-01 | SUNY - Stony Brook, Stony Broo... More >>k, New York, 11794, United States Less << | |
NCT03403621 | Hypertrophic Scar | Phase 1 | Recruiting | December 31, 2019 | United States, Minnesota ... More >> Mayo Clinic Recruiting Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905 Contact: Shari Ramaker Principal Investigator: Alexander Meves, MD Less << |
NCT00002291 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | - | Fisons Corp, Rochester, New Yo... More >>rk, 14603, United States Less << | |
NCT00001028 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | United States, California ... More >> Community Consortium of San Francisco San Francisco, California, United States, 94110 United States, Colorado Denver CPCRA / Denver Public Hlth Denver, Colorado, United States, 802044507 United States, Delaware Wilmington Hosp / Med Ctr of Delaware Wilmington, Delaware, United States, 19899 United States, District of Columbia Veterans Administration Med Ctr / Regional AIDS Program Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20422 United States, Illinois AIDS Research Alliance - Chicago Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60657 United States, Indiana Wishard Hosp / Indiana Univ Hosp Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202 United States, Louisiana Louisiana Comm AIDS Rsch Prog / Tulane Univ Med New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112 United States, Michigan Comprehensive AIDS Alliance of Detroit Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201 Henry Ford Hosp Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202 United States, New Jersey North Jersey Community Research Initiative Newark, New Jersey, United States, 071032842 United States, New York Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr Bronx, New York, United States, 10456 Harlem AIDS Treatment Group / Harlem Hosp Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10037 United States, Oregon Portland Veterans Adm Med Ctr / Rsch & Education Grp Portland, Oregon, United States, 972109951 United States, Virginia Richmond AIDS Consortium Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298 Less << |
NCT00809796 | Colorectal Cancer | Phase 1 Phase 2 | Completed | - | Canada, Quebec ... More >> Jewish General Hospital Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1E2 Less << |
NCT00002030 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | - | Fisons Corp, Rochester, New Yo... More >>rk, 14603, United States Less << | |
NCT00000722 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | 1991-06-01 | SUNY - Stony Brook, Stony Broo... More >>k, New York, 117948153, United States Less << | |
NCT00001027 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | 1996-09-01 | Usc La Nichd Crs, Los Angeles,... More >> California, 90033, United States|UCLA-Los Angeles/Brazil AIDS Consortium (LABAC) CRS, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States|Children's Hosp. & Research Ctr. Oakland, Ped. Clinical Research Ctr. & Research Lab., Oakland, California, United States|Children's National Med. Ctr., ACTU, Washington, District of Columbia, 20010, United States|Howard Univ. Washington DC NICHD CRS, Washington, District of Columbia, 20060, United States|Chicago Children's CRS, Chicago, Illinois, 60614, United States|Univ. of Chicago - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Disease, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States|Tulane/LSU Maternal/Child CRS, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States|NYU Med. Ctr., Dept. of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, United States|Harlem Hosp. Ctr. NY NICHD CRS, New York, New York, 10037, United States|SUNY Upstate Med. Univ., Dept. of Peds, Syracuse, New York, United States|San Juan City Hosp. PR NICHD CRS, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico|Univ. of Puerto Rico Ped. HIV/AIDS Research Program CRS, San Juan, Puerto Rico Less << |
NCT00002292 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | - | LyphoMed Inc, Rosemont, Illino... More >>is, 60018, United States Less << | |
NCT00000974 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | 1996-09-01 | Childrens Hosp. LA - Dept. of ... More >>Ped., Div. of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Los Angeles, California, 90027, United States|UCLA-Los Angeles/Brazil AIDS Consortium (LABAC) CRS, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States|Children's Hosp. & Research Ctr. Oakland, Ped. Clinical Research Ctr. & Research Lab., Oakland, California, 94609, United States|Texas Children's Hosp. CRS, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States Less << |
NCT00729807 | Melanoma (Skin) | Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, Maryland ... More >> Greenebaum Cancer Center at University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201 Less << |
NCT00002054 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | - | Fisons Corp, Rochester, New Yo... More >>rk, 14603, United States Less << | |
NCT00001996 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i HIV Infections Less << | Phase 2 | Completed | - | United States, California ... More >> East Bay AIDS Ctr Berkeley, California, United States, 94704 Kaiser Foundation Hosp Harbor City, California, United States, 90710 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048 UCLA CARE Ctr Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095 UCI Med Ctr Orange, California, United States, 92668 AIDS Community Research Consortium Redwood City, California, United States, 94063 Davies Med Ctr San Francisco, California, United States, 94114 Dr Patrick Joseph San Ramone, California, United States, 94583 United States, Georgia Infectious Disease Research Consortium of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30345 United States, Massachusetts Massachusetts Gen Hosp Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 Boston City Hosp Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118 United States, New York Beth Israel Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10003 Saint Vincent's Hosp and Med Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10011 Harlem AIDS Treatment Group / Harlem Hosp Ctr New York, New York, United States, 10037 United States, Ohio Univ of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 452670405 United States, Oregon Portland Veterans Adm Med Ctr / Rsch & Education Grp Portland, Oregon, United States, 97210 United States, Pennsylvania Buckley Braffman Stern Med Associates Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107 United States, Tennessee Regional Med Ctr at Memphis Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38103 United States, Texas Gathe, Joseph, M.D. Houston, Texas, United States, 77004 Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas, United States, 77030 Less << |
NCT00729807 | - | Completed | - | - | |
NCT00810953 | Pancreatic Cancer | Phase 1 Phase 2 | Completed | - | Canada, Quebec ... More >> McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2W 1S6 Less << |
NCT03445897 | Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous | Phase 2 | Completed | - | - |
NCT00002053 | Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carini... More >>i|HIV Infections Less << | COMPLETED | - | Fisons Corp, Rochester, New Yo... More >>rk, 14603, United States Less << | |
NCT03730363 | Hodgkin Lymphoma ... More >> Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma Less << | Phase 1 | Not yet recruiting | July 2030 | United States, Kentucky ... More >> University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center Not yet recruiting Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536 Contact: Jeri Reynolds Principal Investigator: Hayder Saeed, MD Less << |
NCT02669706 | - | Completed | - | United States, Illinois ... More >> University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612 Less << | |
NCT01360762 | Visceral Leishmaniosis ... More >> HIV-infection/Aids Less << | Phase 3 | Completed | - | Ethiopia ... More >> Abdurafi Health Center/Médecins Sans Frontières Abdurafi, Amhara, Ethiopia Kahsay Abera Hospital Humera, Tigray, Ethiopia Leismania Research and Treatment Centre, University of Gondar Hospital Gondar, Ethiopia Less << |
NCT02919605 | Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. | Phase 2 | Completed | - | - |
NCT02210182 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Phase 1 | Completed | - | Canada, Alberta ... More >> Dr. Kelly Burak Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N4Z6 Canada, Ontario Dr Morris Sherman Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2N2 Canada, Quebec Dr Marc Bilodeau Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3J4 Less << |
Bio Calculators | ||||
Preparing Stock Solutions | ![]() |
1mg | 5mg | 10mg |
1 mM 5 mM 10 mM |
1.69mL 0.34mL 0.17mL |
8.44mL 1.69mL 0.84mL |
16.87mL 3.37mL 1.69mL |
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Dissolving Methods |
in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn:
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